Giải SGK, SBT Unit 8. Change the world Friends Global

1 VOCABULARY Look at the photos (A-C). What are the issues? In which part of the world can we find the issues?

(Nhìn vào các bức ảnh (A-C). Các vấn đề là gì? Chúng ta có thể tìm thấy vấn đề ở phần nào của thế giới?)

Which of the vocabulary list can be used to describe the photos?

(Danh sách từ vựng nào có thể được sử dụng để mô tả các bức ảnh?)

Protesting

demonstrate / protest (against something)

go on a demonstration / a march

hold up placards

listen to speeches

shout out slogans

sign a petition

2 SPEAKING Rank the issues in the photos in the order of importance. Which is the most urgent now? Why?

(Xếp hạng các vấn đề trong ảnh theo thứ tự quan trọng. Việc nào cấp bách nhất bây giờ? Tại sao?)

3 VOCABULARY Check the meaning of the nouns below. Which of them are related to the headlines (1-6)?

(Kiểm tra ý nghĩa của các danh từ dưới đây. Cái nào trong số chúng có liên quan đến các tiêu đề (1-6)?)

Global issues

1 HURRICANE DESTROYS HUNDREDS OF HOUSES

2 The end of life on earth unless we change

3 A bomb plot was discovered

4 FEMALE WORKERS EVEN WORSE OFF

5 Jobless claims rise

6 FOOD CRISIS

4 Listen to 3 dialogues. Match each dialogue with an event below. There are 2 extra events.

(Nghe 3 đoạn hội thoại. Hãy nối mỗi đoạn hội thoại với một sự kiện bên dưới. Có 2 sự kiện bị thừa.)

a benefit concert

a demonstration

an interview

signing a petition

a speech in parliament

RECYCLE! Non-defining relative clauses

A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about a person, thing, place, etc. The sentence still makes sense without the clause

We listened to Dave Smith's speech, which was about students' rights.

We listened to Dave Smith's speech.

The relative pronoun which can refer to a whole clause.

Many high school students taught English to the children from the Shelters, which was part of the campaign “Green Summer”

(RECYCLE! Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định cung cấp cho chúng ta thêm thông tin về người, sự vật, địa điểm, v.v. Câu vẫn có ý nghĩa nếu không có mệnh đề

Chúng tôi đã nghe bài phát biểu của Dave Smith, cái mà nói về quyền của học sinh.

Chúng tôi đã nghe bài phát biểu của Dave Smith.

Đại từ quan hệ có thể ám chỉ cả một mệnh đề.

Nhiều học sinh trung học dạy tiếng Anh cho trẻ em Mái ấm, cái mà là một phần trong chiến dịch “Mùa hè xanh”)

5 Read the Recycle! box. Combine the following pairs of sentences using non-defining relative clauses.

(Đọc khung Recycle! Kết hợp các cặp câu sau sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1 Tina decided to sign the petition for a better cycling road behind the campus. Tina does not know how to ride a bike.

2 The collection for the local homeless centre early ended yesterday. Many people were regretful about it.

3 London Fashion Week met with protests against fur clothing. London Fashion Week took place in September 2017.

4 Citadel of the Ho Dynasty in Thanh Hoa, Viet Nam was recognised the UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. Citadel of the Ho Dynasty has an impressive arched gateway.

6 VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ dưới đây.)

Protest collocations

1 Why did you _____ against her as the group leader? She is qualified, isn't she?

2 The local residents are _____ a protest against the building a bypass around the town.

3 Tina is ready to _____ up to the bad children who bully her friends.

4 Conservationists have _____ against whaling for many years, but some countries still practise commercial hunting of large whales.

5 Scientists try to _____ young people out of smoking because it is not good for health.

6 In order to raise the public awareness of wild life protection, some E-petitions are _____ nowadays.

7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Which issue in exercise 3 do you think is the most important in your local area? Discuss two ideas:

(Làm việc theo cặp. Bạn nghĩ vấn đề nào trong bài tập 3 là quan trọng nhất ở địa phương của bạn? Thảo luận hai ý tưởng)

• What is the cause?

• What action will you take?

(• Nguyên nhân là gì?

• Bạn sẽ thực hiện hành động gì?)

1 Is there a problem with litter where you live? Read the opinions below. Who do you think should be responsible for reducing litter?

(Nơi bạn sống có vấn đề về rác thải không? Đọc các ý kiến dưới đây. Bạn nghĩ ai sẽ chịu trách nhiệm giảm thiểu rác thải?)

A load of rubbish?

1. One thing I can't stand is all the litter outside fast food restaurants. What they should do is employ extra staff to help clean up the streets. Rob K
2. The people that I blame are the teenagers - it's them who cause all the problems. The town where I live is full of youngsters, hanging around in gangs and leaving rubbish everywhere - it's a disgrace. Daniel
3. There's so much plastic packaging nowadays. All the government needs to do is force companies to use biodegradable or recyclable materials in their products and the problem will be solved. Bex

LEARN THIS! Emphasis (1)

1 We can emphasise key information in a sentence by: a adding a clause with it is/was, etc.... that... at the start of the sentence.

Joe bought a tablet last weekend.

→ It was Joe who bought a tablet last weekend.

→ It was a tablet that Joe bought last weekend.

→ It was last weekend that Joe bought a tablet.

We often use this structure to make a contrast:

It was a tablet that Joe bought, not a smartphone.

b adding a clause with What.

Kate lost her debit card.

→ What Kate lost was her debit card.

→ What Kate did was lose her debit card.

→ What happened was that Kate lost her debit card.

2 We can use All (that) in the same way as What. It means “the only thing”.

I just need some money.

→ All (that) I need is some money.

→ They only needed to ask.

→ All (that) they needed to do was ask.

Tạm dịch

LEARN THIS! Nhấn mạnh (1)

1 Chúng ta có thể nhấn mạnh thông tin quan trọng trong câu bằng cách: thêm mệnh đề với it is/was, v.v.... that... vào đầu câu.

Joe đã mua một chiếc máy tính bảng vào cuối tuần trước.

→ Chính Joe đã mua một chiếc máy tính bảng vào cuối tuần trước.

→ Đó là một chiếc máy tính bảng mà Joe đã mua vào cuối tuần trước.

→ Cuối tuần trước Joe đã mua một chiếc máy tính bảng.

Chúng ta thường dùng cấu trúc này để tạo sự tương phản:

Đó là một chiếc máy tính bảng mà Joe mua, không phải điện thoại thông minh.

b thêm một mệnh đề với What.

Kate bị mất thẻ ghi nợ.

→ Thứ Kate bị mất là thẻ ghi nợ của cô ấy.

→ Điều Kate làm là làm mất thẻ ghi nợ của cô ấy.

→ Chuyện xảy ra là Kate bị mất thẻ ghi nợ.

2 Chúng ta có thể dùng All (that) giống như What. Nó có nghĩa là “điều duy nhất”.

Tôi chỉ cần một ít tiền.

→ Tất cả những gì tôi cần là một ít tiền.

→ Họ chỉ cần hỏi thôi.

→ Tất cả những gì họ cần làm là hỏi.

2 Read the Learn this! box. Then find examples of each rule in exercise 1.

(Đọc phần LEARN THIS! Sau đó tìm ví dụ về từng quy tắc trong bài tập 1.)

3 Rewrite the sentences (1-7) to make a contrast. Begin with it and emphasise the underlined words.

(Viết lại các câu (1-7) để tạo sự tương phản. Bắt đầu với it và nhấn mạnh những từ được gạch chân.)

1 Mia isn't coming shopping with us. Lara is.

(Mia sẽ không đi mua sắm với chúng ta. Lara thì có.)

It's Lara who's coming with us, not Mia.

(Lara sẽ đi cùng chúng ta chứ không phải Mia.)

2 I haven't got a credit card. I've got a debit card.

3 The first supermarket opened in 1916. It wasn't 1920.

4 Her mum doesn't work in a store. Her aunt does.

5 Many people don't want quality. They want low prices.

6 The sales start on Friday. They don't start today.

7 I blame teenagers for the litter. I don't blame the restaurants.

LEARN THIS! Emphasis (2)

We can start a sentence with a phrase that describes the person, thing, or place that we want to emphasise.

The person (that) you need to speak to is Tom.

One thing (that) I really hate is consumerism.

A place (that) I'd really like to visit is Norway.

Tạm dịch

LEARN THIS! Nhấn mạnh (2)

Chúng ta có thể bắt đầu câu bằng một cụm từ mô tả người, sự vật hoặc địa điểm mà chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh.

Người (mà) bạn cần nói chuyện là Tom.

Một điều (mà) tôi thực sự ghét là chủ nghĩa tiêu dùng.

Một nơi (mà) tôi thực sự muốn đến thăm là Na Uy.

4 Read the Learn this! box. Then find two examples in exercise 1. How would the sentences read without the emphatic structure?’

(Đọc phần LEARN THIS! Sau đó tìm hai ví dụ trong bài tập 1. Các câu sẽ đọc như thế nào nếu không có cấu trúc nhấn mạnh?)

5 Rewrite the sentences (1-6). Begin with the words in brackets and emphasise the underlined words.

(Viết lại các câu (1-6). Bắt đầu bằng những từ trong ngoặc và nhấn mạnh những từ được gạch chân.)

1 Store loyalty cards have really caught on. (One idea...)

2 It's the directors of companies who should change. (The people...)

3 Many European firms are investing in Asia. (One place...)

4 Greed drives most consumerism. (The thing.)

5 Plastic packaging creates most waste. (The thing...)

6 Self-service stores first opened in the USA. (The country...) 

6 Complete the text with the words below. Use each word once.

(Hoàn thành văn bản với các từ dưới đây. Sử dụng mỗi từ một lần.)

The ¹ ____ that annoys me most is the litter. Clearly ² ____ that some people care about is convenience, not the environment. So ³ ____ the government needs to do is prosecute those involved in anti-social behaviour. But ⁴ ____  the businesses themselves that also need to take more responsibility - for example, the place ⁵ ____ I usually shop has installed a security camera to deter people from dropping rubbish outside. And ⁶ ____ thing they've tried successfully in some places is putting up lifesize cardboard police officers. It seems all ⁷ ____ some people need is a gentle reminder to act responsibly.

7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think of different ways to complete each sentence. Then compare your ideas with other pairs'.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hãy nghĩ ra những cách khác nhau để hoàn thành mỗi câu. Sau đó so sánh ý tưởng của bạn với các cặp khác'.)

1 The places in my town that have the most litter are...

2 All we need to do to reduce litter is...

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Look at the slogans. What are they about?

(Làm việc theo cặp. Nhìn vào các khẩu hiệu. Họ đang nói về cái gì vậy?)

#occupywallstreet

#blacklivesmatter

#anti-war

#climatesummit

2 Read the text. Is it generally in favour of or against online campaigns?

(Đọc văn bản. Nhìn chung nó ủng hộ hay phản đối các chiến dịch trực tuyến?)

Hashtag activism - worth clicking on?

Platforms like Facebook and Twitter are being used more and more to raise awareness of social issues and to campaign for good causes. There have been several examples of successful campaigns in recent years. For instance, the #IceBucketChallenge proved a viral success in raising awareness and funds for ALS, a disease that progressively paralyses the body. Not only did people all over the world post videos of themselves tipping a bucket of iced water over their heads, but they also nominated other people to do the challenge, as well as donating to the Association. It is not always clear how effective many of these social media campaigns actually are. Critics claim that 'hashtagging' a cause is more about copying the crowd than showing true commitment. They say that clicking on a hashtag trend is easy and doesn't initiate a real desire for change. Though there may be some truth in this, raising awareness is surely the first step to a successful campaign.

Listening Strategy

As you listen, pay special attention to discourse markers (linking phrases), which connect pieces of information to each other. For example, however introduces a contrast, whereas for instance introduces an example.

(Chiến lược nghe

Khi bạn nghe, hãy đặc biệt chú ý đến các dấu hiệu diễn ngôn (các cụm từ liên kết), giúp kết nối các phần thông tin với nhau. Ví dụ, tuy nhiên giới thiệu một sự tương phản, trong khi ví dụ giới thiệu một ví dụ.)

3 KEY PHRASES Read the Listening Strategy. Then, add the phrases below to complete the examples.

(Đọc Chiến lược nghe. Sau đó, thêm các cụm từ bên dưới để hoàn thành các ví dụ.)

Discourse markers

An example/more detail: you know.../ ¹_______ …

A contrast or contradiction: however.../ ²_______ … / mind you … / ³_______ … / all the same.../ ⁴_______ …

An afterthought: by the way …/ ⁵_______ …

A continuation of the topic/going back to an earlier topic: talking of which,... ⁷_______ …

PRONUNCIATION Rise-fall intonation pattern

We use the rise-fall intonation when the first part of our utterance is an unfinished thought, an introductory phrase, a series of words or choices. The pitch rises for the first part and falls at the end of the utterance.

When I finished high school⇗, I got a job⇘.

As a matter of fact⇗, I do know where he lives ⇘.

I need rice⇗, beans⇗, lettuce⇗, and sugars⇘.

Do you want to stay home⇗ or go to the movies⇘?

Tạm dịch

PHÁT ÂM Mẫu ngữ điệu lên xuống

Chúng ta sử dụng ngữ điệu lên xuống khi phần đầu tiên của lời nói là một suy nghĩ chưa hoàn thành, một cụm từ giới thiệu, một chuỗi từ hoặc lựa chọn. Cao độ tăng lên ở phần đầu và giảm xuống ở cuối câu.

Khi tôi học xong trung học⇗, tôi có việc làm⇘.

Thực tế là⇗, tôi biết anh ấy sống ở đâu ⇘.

Tôi cần gạo⇗, đậu⇗, rau diếp⇗ và đường⇘.

Bạn muốn ở nhà⇗ hay đi xem phim⇘?

4 Listen to speakers (1-4). What do you predict you will hear next? Choose one of the following lines.

(Nghe người nói (1-4). Bạn dự đoán bạn sẽ nghe thấy điều gì tiếp theo? Chọn một trong các dòng sau.)

A ... it hasn't been very well publicised.

B …we should both top trying

C … he handled the public's questions well.

D ... how much did you pay for your TV?

5 Now listen and check your answers.

(Bây giờ hãy nghe và kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn.)

6 Read the Pronunciation box and practise saying the sentences in exercises 4 and 5 using the rise and fall intonation.

(Đọc khung Phát âm và luyện nói các câu trong bài tập 4 và 5 bằng cách sử dụng ngữ điệu lên xuống.)

7 Listen to three people. Match speakers (1-3) with sentences (A-C). Write the correct number.

(Hãy lắng nghe ba người. Nối người nói (1-3) với câu (A-C). Viết đúng số.)

The speaker...

A feels strongly that fighting for a cause online is largely ineffective.

B has found that donations made to online campaigns are not as high as those achieved by other methods.

C is enthusiastic about learning about global issues through social media.

8 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions. Do you love to take part in online campaigns in social media? Why? / Why not?

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận các câu hỏi. Bạn có thích tham gia các chiến dịch trực tuyến trên mạng xã hội không? Tại sao? / Tại sao không?)

1 Read the text. Are there any similar charities or events in your country?

(Đọc văn bản. Có tổ chức từ thiện hoặc sự kiện tương tự nào ở nước bạn không?)

In 2015, the charity Comic Relief celebrated its 30thanniversary. They started 'Red Nose Day', a day when people across the UK buy red noses and all of the money from this goes towards Comic Relief. The money raised by Comic Relief helps people living in difficult conditions in the UK and around the world, and it's estimated that over 50 million people would be worse off today if the charity hadn't been set up. The number of children attending primary school in Africa might not have increased by 60 million if the charity didn't exist. In 2015, the British public donated a staggering £78.1 million, bringing the total raised by Comic Relief in its thirty-year history to over £1 billion. But it couldn't have achieved all this if it didn't have the support of the comedians who take part and inspire the public to give so generously.

LEARN THIS! Mixed conditionals

Mixed conditionals are a mixture of second and third conditional sentences. They occur when the if clause and main clause refer to different times (past and present).

(past) If he'd read the map, (present) we wouldn't be lost.

(present) If he could drive, (past) he'd have got the job.

Tạm dịch

LEARN THIS! Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp

Câu điều kiện hỗn hợp là sự kết hợp của câu điều kiện loại 2 và loại 3. Chúng xảy ra khi mệnh đề if và mệnh đề chính đề cập đến những thời điểm khác nhau (quá khứ và hiện tại).

(quá khứ) Nếu anh ấy đọc bản đồ, (hiện tại) chúng tôi sẽ không bị lạc.

(hiện tại) Nếu anh ấy có thể lái xe, (quá khứ) anh ấy đã có được công việc.

2 Read the Learn this! box. Then find examples of mixed conditionals in exercise 1.

(Đọc phần LEARN THIS! Sau đó tìm ví dụ về câu điều kiện hỗn hợp ở bài tập 1.)

3 Match the two halves of the mixed conditional sentences.

(Nối hai nửa của câu điều kiện hỗn hợp.)

1 If he'd gone to bed earlier,

2 If it wasn't so cold,

3 If I were him,

4 If you hadn't been so rude,

5 If they'd remembered the address,

b she wouldn't be angry.

c he wouldn't be so tired.

d they'd be here by now.

e we might have gone for a run.

f I wouldn't have made that decision.

4 Complete the dialogue. Use the verbs in their correct form to make mixed conditional sentences.

(Hoàn thành đoạn đối thoại. Sử dụng các động từ ở dạng đúng để tạo thành các câu điều kiện hỗn hợp.)

Lee: Are you going to the fundraising concert later?

May: No, but ¹____ a ticket if I didn't have so much homework.

Lee: That's a shame. If you'd finished your homework, you ² ____ with me.

May: Anyway, isn't it sold out?

Lee: It is now - and if I hadn't seen Leo last night, I ³____ a ticket either, but he had two spare ones.

May: Why didn't you let me know? I ⁴____ the homework so late if I'd known you were going.

Lee: Well, I might have called you if you ⁵____ your phone sometimes, but you're always studying!

5 USE OF ENGLISH Write mixed conditional sentences that mean the same as the first sentence. Use the words in brackets.

(Viết các câu điều kiện hỗn hợp có nghĩa giống như câu đầu tiên. Sử dụng các từ trong ngoặc.)

1 I didn't reply because I can't hear you properly. (could)

(Tôi không trả lời vì tôi không thể nghe rõ bạn nói.)

I would have replied if I could hear you properly.

(Tôi sẽ trả lời nếu tôi có thể nghe rõ bạn.)

2 Our car broke down this morning, so we have to walk to school now. (wouldn't)

3 Beth failed her exams so she isn't at college this year.

4 Because Max didn't go to university, he doesn't have a degree. (had)

5 I didn't help with the cooking because I'm a terrible cook. (weren't)

6 The forecast isn't good so they didn't go out. (have)

7 She's afraid of flying so she took a boat. (taken)

8 He didn't help the tourist because he can't speak Greek. (would)

9 Jay isn't good at maths so he couldn't help us. (could)

6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer questions with What if ... ? about these imaginary situations. Use mixed conditionals in your answers. What if ...

(Làm việc theo cặp. Lần lượt hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi với What if... ? về những tình huống tưởng tượng này. Sử dụng các điều kiện hỗn hợp trong câu trả lời của bạn. Chuyện gì xảy ra nếu ...)

1 you'd been born a boy/girl instead?

2 the internet hadn’t been invented?

3 time travel were possible?

4 you had to live abroad for a year?

5 you were asked to give a speech to your school?

If I’d been born a boy instead, I think I’d…

(Nếu thay vào đó tôi được sinh ra là con trai, tôi nghĩ tôi sẽ…)

1 Read the text. How can a social media campaign help the business?

(Đọc văn bản. Chiến dịch truyền thông xã hội có thể giúp ích gì cho doanh nghiệp?)

Nowadays, social media can be used for marketing effort known as a social media campaign. In a campaign, businessmen determine what their goal is. Common goals in business may include having users give feedback, getting customers to have more concern for the brand or making sales figures increase. The businessmen would prefer more audience to access their products through suitable media platforms. Of course many free social media marketing apps have been made to track shares, replies, likes and keywords related to a brand. Moreover, certain media services are built to combine with social media accounts to see who is seeing media posts and how they are responding. These tools get users to interact with social media posts, ask questions, provide reviews, and even enter contests. Positive interaction, personal attention and prizes are quite important in a campaign because they get the audience to be more involved in the campaign. And this, in turn, helps businessmen a lot in adjusting their business strategies.

LEARN THIS! Verb + object + infinitive

1 We can use these verb patterns to talk about making things happen:

get + object + infinitive with to

I shouted, but couldn't get her to hear me.

have + object + infinitive without to

We'll have someone fix the computer.

make + object + infinitive without to

My parents make me clean my room every week.

2 In a passive structure we use sb was made to do sth (infinitive with to).

He was made to pay back the stolen money.

3 We can use I'd prefer + object + infinitive with to to talk about preferences.

The government would prefer citizens to use public transport more often.

Tạm dịch

LEARN THIS! Động từ + tân ngữ + nguyên thể

1 Chúng ta có thể sử dụng các mẫu động từ này để nói về việc khiến mọi việc xảy ra:

get + tân ngữ + nguyên mẫu với to

Tôi hét lên nhưng không thể khiến cô ấy nghe thấy.

have + tân ngữ + nguyên thể không có to

Chúng ta sẽ nhờ người sửa máy tính.

make + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên thể không có to

Bố mẹ tôi bắt tôi dọn phòng mỗi tuần.

2 Trong cấu trúc bị động chúng ta dùng sb was made to do sth (nguyên thể với to).

Anh ta bị buộc phải trả lại số tiền bị đánh cắp.

3 Chúng ta có thể sử dụng I'd Prefer + tân ngữ + nguyên thể với to để nói về sở thích.

Chính phủ mong muốn người dân sử dụng phương tiện giao thông công cộng thường xuyên hơn.

2 Read the Learn this! box. Then find examples of rules (1-3) in the text.

(Đọc phần Learn this! Sau đó tìm ví dụ về các quy tắc (1-3) trong văn bản.)

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ dưới đây.)

Jack owns a little shop downtown. Years ago his business was not really good, but last year he learned about social media campaigns and started to benefit from them. He got his customers ¹____ with him and learned more about their preference and choice. He once had his customers ²____ a contest in which they were made ³____ questions about his shop and products. With the help of different platforms, he has improved the image of his business and can earn quite a lot. However, he keeps getting himself ⁴____.

LEARN THIS! Verb + object + present or past participle

1 We can use these verbs + object + present participle with an active meaning: find, get, have, keep, leave

I can't get the TV working!

The doctors will soon have you walking again.

2 We can use these verbs + object + past participle with a passive meaning: get, have, leave, prefer, want

Some people want him arrested for his actions.

I'm getting my hair cut tomorrow.

Tạm dịch

LEARN THIS! Động từ + tân ngữ + phân từ hiện tại hoặc quá khứ

1 Chúng ta có thể sử dụng những động từ + tân ngữ + phân từ hiện tại với nghĩa chủ động: get, have, leave, prefer, want

Tôi không thể làm cho TV hoạt động được!

Các bác sĩ sẽ sớm giúp bạn đi lại được.

2 Chúng ta có thể sử dụng các động từ + tân ngữ + quá khứ phân từ với nghĩa bị động: get,have,leave, like, want

Một số người muốn anh ta bị bắt vì hành động của mình.

Ngày mai tôi sẽ đi cắt tóc.

4 Read the Learn this! box. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

(Đọc phần Learn this! Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.)

1 Everyone would prefer journalists ________.(not lie)

2 The film made me _______ how serious climate change is. (realise)

3 If you want these laws _______, sign our petition! (change)

4 Recent riots have left dozens of people _______. (injure)

5 The press should be made _______ for their actions. (apologise)

5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ dưới đây.)

1 Police have just found their suspect _______ in a derelict building.

2 He kept the crowd _______ for an hour to hear his speech.

3 The club will have him _______ out for being under age.

4 I managed to get the homework _______ by working night.

5 There are some countries that want the internet _______.

6 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Take turns to tell each other about something that:

• you haven't managed to get done this week.

•  has had you laughing recently.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Lần lượt kể cho nhau nghe về điều gì đó:

• bạn chưa hoàn thành được công việc trong tuần này.

• gần đây đã làm bạn cười.)

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think about the image of young people in the media and society in general. Discuss the questions, giving reasons for your opinions.

Which of these words are sometimes associated with a media image of young people? Does that image differ from reality?

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hãy nghĩ đến hình ảnh giới trẻ trên các phương tiện truyền thông và xã hội nói chung. Thảo luận các câu hỏi, đưa ra lý do cho ý kiến của bạn.

Từ nào sau đây đôi khi gắn liền với hình ảnh truyền thông của giới trẻ? Hình ảnh đó có khác biệt với thực tế không?)

Reading Strategy

Read all the text once and then read the questions. Match any questions that are immediately obvious, and identify and note the parts of the text that contain the evidence for your answers. Then carefully read each section of the text again and look for the answers to the remaining questions.

(Chiến lược đọc

Đọc toàn bộ văn bản một lần và sau đó đọc câu hỏi. Ghép bất kỳ câu hỏi nào dễ thấy ngay, đồng thời xác định và ghi chú các phần của văn bản chứa bằng chứng cho câu trả lời của bạn. Sau đó đọc kỹ từng phần của văn bản một lần nữa và tìm câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi còn lại.)

2 Read the articles. What do Wilson To and Rene Silva have in common?

(Đọc các bài viết. Wilson To và Rene Silva có điểm gì chung?)

MAKING A DIFFERENCE

A

Wilson To was beginning his final year at school when he decided to get a school Facebook page started. Nothing unusual about that, you might think, but Wilson's motivation for setting up the page wasn't to discover the latest school gossip. He believed that Facebook could help him take on a problem that was making life difficult for a few schoolmates: bullying.

Without mentioning his plans to his friends, Wilson launched 'A-tech compliments', a Facebook page which invited students to send in anonymous compliments about each other, their teachers and their school. At first, Wilson wasn't expecting much of a response and he monitored messages closely in case unpleasant comments or racism appeared. However, Wilson needn't have worried. 'A-tech compliments' was an instant success and quickly had five hundred regular followers, all of them being positive. It seems that the students were just waiting for the opportunity to say nice things about each other and their school!

Although everybody wanted to know who had thought up this great idea, Wilson kept s his identity secret until the end of the school year, when the school intercom asked the creator of the Facebook page to reveal himself. Wilson stepped forward to receive the applause and thanks of the whole school. He was also given one last job to do: train a new administrator so the page could continue after Wilson stepped down. Today, the idea has also spread to high schools across the country.

B

VOICE OF THE COMMUNITY

A teacher spotted Rene Silva's talent for writing when he was just eleven and encouraged him to set up a community newspaper. Rene accepted the challenge and took on publishing Voz da Comunidade (Voice of the Community) and he soon realised that the monthly newspaper could help his neighbourhood. Rene lives on the edge of Rio de Janeiro in a favela, a poor town that used to be controlled by armed drug gangs. Rene's newspaper quickly became a vehicle for protest about the poor conditions in the favela and gave a voice to local residents who were campaigning to make the community a safer and better place to live.

But one Saturday morning, Voz da Comunidade was transformed from a small local newspaper into Brazil's most popular source of information. The government had decided to force the drug dealers out of the favela and had sent soldiers onto the streets. Journalists from the mainstream media waited outside the favela for news, but Rene and his team of teenage reporters were in the middle of the action. Using their mobile phones to film and take photos, the Voz da Comunidade Twitter account suddenly had thousands more followers than usual and Rene's reporting was praised by the mainstream media. More importantly, it started a debate about how the government should help the inhabitants of Brazil's hundreds of favelas. Rene and the Voz da Comunidade brought positive change to the community.

3 Read the Reading Strategy. Then look at the question below. Which text matches with it? What is the information in the text that helps you answer it?

(Đọc Chiến lược đọc. Sau đó nhìn vào câu hỏi dưới đây. Văn bản nào phù hợp với nó? Thông tin nào trong văn bản giúp bạn trả lời?)

Who started their project because they had already identified a need?

(Ai bắt đầu dự án của họ vì họ đã xác định được nhu cầu?)

4 Match two texts with questions (1-5) below. Each of the texts can match more than one question.

(Nối hai văn bản với câu hỏi (1-5) dưới đây. Mỗi văn bản có thể phù hợp với nhiều câu hỏi.)

Who...

1 offered some training to others?

2 was given an idea by someone else?

3 published something?

4 worked in the most dangerous conditions?

5 worked anonymously?

5 Decide if the statements (1-5) are true (T), false (F), or the information is not given (NG).

(Quyết định xem các câu (1-5) là đúng (T), sai (F) hay thông tin không được cung cấp (NG).)

1 Wilson To was worried that his Facebook page would attract the wrong type of comments.

2 Wilson has left the school, but continues with his job as administrator of the school page.

3 Wilson didn't let anyone know he was the creator of the page because he was too modest.

4 Rene Silva got the funding for his newspaper from local residents.

5 Rene's reporting has had a big impact outside the favela.

6 VOCABULARY Match the underlined words with the appropriate form of the highlighted words or phrases in the article.

(Nối các từ được gạch chân với dạng thích hợp của các từ hoặc cụm từ được đánh dấu trong bài.)

Words or phrases

1 The biggest sponsor of the contest still remained unknown. His name could only be guessed.

2 The drama club is a perfect expression for Amy's talent.

3 Jack always invents great ideas for our politics blog.

4 Mark accepted too much work and responsibility in the organisation and suffered from stress.

5 The typical journalists are expected to have particular skills in coverage and photography.

6 Alice left the job so that Andy could take her place.

7 My grandad established the business in 1958.

7 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the question.

Wilson To or Rene Silva, who makes a deeper impression on you?

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận câu hỏi.

Wilson To hay Rene Silva, ai để lại ấn tượng sâu sắc hơn với bạn?)

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss these questions. What do organisations such as Greenpeace and WWF (the World Wide Fund for Nature) aim to do? How do they do it?

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận những câu hỏi sau. Các tổ chức như Greenpeace và WWF (Quỹ Bảo vệ Thiên nhiên Thế giới) hướng tới mục tiêu gì? Họ làm nó như thế nào?)

2 Look at the task below. Which of the four ways of combating climate change do you personally employ? Give examples.

(Nhìn vào nhiệm vụ dưới đây. Cá nhân bạn áp dụng cách nào trong bốn cách chống biến đổi khí hậu? Cho ví dụ.)

Discuss practical ways in which people can help to combat climate change. How effective is each of the four suggestions?

• Using public transport more often

• Planting trees

• Recycling

• Saving electricity

(Thảo luận những cách thực tế mà mọi người có thể giúp chống lại biến đổi khí hậu. Mỗi đề xuất trong số bốn đề xuất đó có hiệu quả như thế nào?

• Sử dụng phương tiện giao thông công cộng thường xuyên hơn

• Trồng cây

• Tái chế

• Tiết kiệm điện)

3 KEY PHRASES Complete the phrases with the words below.

(Hoàn thành các cụm từ với các từ dưới đây.)

Starting a discussion

1 Shall we _____ with…?

2 _____ begin with..., shall we?

3 We could start _____ talking about...

Expressing an opinion

4 To my _____

5 In my _____

6 I'm _____ the opinion that ...

7 For me, the _____ consideration is...

8 Personally, I _____ say that...

9  I _____ quite strongly that...

Adding an opinion

10 _____ only that,…

11 Yes, and _____ thing: …

12 Good _____. And I also believe that...

Agreeing and disagreeing

13 Absolutely. I couldn't  _______ more

14 I'm with _______ on that.

15 Yes, I think you're _______.

16 That's true to _______ extent. However,...

17 I'm not _______ I agree.

18 I _______ a rather different view on that.

19 That's not quite _______ I see it.

4 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Take turns to do the task. Use the phrases from exercise 3 to help you.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Lần lượt thực hiện nhiệm vụ. Sử dụng các cụm từ trong bài tập 3 để giúp bạn.)

5 Listen to two students doing the task. Answer the questions below. Compare your ideas in exercise 2.

(Nghe hai học sinh làm bài. Trả lời các câu hỏi dưới đây. So sánh ý tưởng của bạn trong bài tập 2.)

1 Which measures do the students think will be most effective?

2 What were their reasons?

3 Do you agree with any of their opinions?

6 Listen to the students doing the second part of the task. Which two measures do they choose?

(Nghe học sinh làm phần thứ hai của bài tập. Họ chọn hai biện pháp nào?)

Speaking Strategy

In a discussion, listen carefully and respond to what your partner says. Learn phrases for interacting with your partner so that you take turns and both contribute to the discussion.

(Chiến lược nói

Trong một cuộc thảo luận, hãy lắng nghe cẩn thận và phản hồi những gì đối tác của bạn nói. Học các cụm từ để tương tác với đối tác của bạn để thay phiên nhau và cả hai cùng đóng góp vào cuộc thảo luận.)

7 KEY PHRASES Read the Speaking Strategy and check the meaning of the phrases below. Then listen again. Tick✓ the phrases that the students use.

(Đọc Chiến lược nói và kiểm tra ý nghĩa của các cụm từ bên dưới. Sau đó hãy nghe lại. Đánh dấu ✓ những cụm từ mà học sinh sử dụng.)

Involving your partner

Would you agree with that?  ☐

… don't you think? ☐

Can we agree that...? ☐

What's your view on that? ☐

What do you think about...? ☐

Interrupting

Sorry to interrupt, but... ☐

Hang on a moment, I think... ☐

Not only that, ... ☐

Reaching an agreement

So, shall we reach a decision? ☐

We need to come a decision. ☐

We need to decide what/which... ☐

That's settled, then. ☐

8 SPEAKING Do you agree with the choices the students made? Why? / Why not?

(Bạn có đồng ý với những lựa chọn mà học sinh đưa ra không? Tại sao? / Tại sao không?)

9 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss how using less water can help to combat climate change.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận về việc sử dụng ít nước hơn có thể giúp chống lại biến đổi khí hậu như thế nào.)

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Think of two advantages and two disadvantages of banning traffic from town centres.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hãy nghĩ đến hai ưu điểm và hai nhược điểm của việc cấm giao thông từ trung tâm thị trấn.)

2 Read the task above and the report. Answer the questions.

(Đọc nhiệm vụ trên và báo cáo. Trả lời các câu hỏi.)

1 Which points in the report did you also mention in exercise 1?

2 Are there any other points in the report that you think are good?

Introduction

The aim of this report is to assess the plan to ban traffic from the town centre. I have interviewed a number of local people and visitors, and my conclusion and recommendation take their views into account.

Advantages

Most visitors were of the opinion that the town centre would be a quieter and more pleasant place to spend time if there were no traffic. An added benefit mentioned was a reduction in air pollution. Finally, it was thought that the roads would be safer for cyclists.

Disadvantages

According to some local shopkeepers, banning cars from the centre would damage trade as shoppers would have to park some distance away and carry heavy shopping to their cars. What is more, visitors would also have to park outside the town and this might discourage them from paying a visit.

Conclusion

Although opinion seems to be divided on the desirability of the scheme, people expressing opposition to the proposal were in a minority, would suggest that the council press ahead with its plan as it will improve the quality of life of both residents and visitors.

Writing Strategy

When writing a report:

• think carefully about the target reader and write in an appropriate style and tone.

• state the purpose of the report in the first paragraph and any recommendations and suggestions in the final paragraph.

• consider using headings to give the report a clear structure.

(Chiến lược viết

Khi viết báo cáo:

• suy nghĩ cẩn thận về người đọc mục tiêu và viết với phong cách và giọng điệu phù hợp.

• nêu rõ mục đích của báo cáo trong đoạn đầu tiên và mọi khuyến nghị, đề xuất trong đoạn cuối.

• cân nhắc việc sử dụng các tiêu đề để tạo cho báo cáo một cấu trúc rõ ràng.)

3 Read the Writing Strategy. Did the writer follow all of the advice? Find and underline evidence for your opinions.

(Đọc Chiến lược viết. Người viết có làm theo tất cả những lời khuyên không? Tìm và gạch chân bằng chứng cho ý kiến của bạn.)

4 KEY PHRASES Look at the phrases below. Which are in the report?

(Nhìn vào các cụm từ dưới đây. Những cái nào có trong báo cáo?)

Introducing the subject

The aim of this report is to ...

The report is based on / draws on ...

Reporting views

It would seem that...

According to ...

It was reported that...

(People) were of the opinion that ...

Summing up

To sum up,... On balance...

In conclusion...

Taking all the points into consideration,...

Recommending / Suggesting

It is recommended that...

I would suggest ...

In my opinion, it would be worth...

5 Complete the sentences with Moreover, However, Therefore, What's more.

(Hoàn thành các câu với Hơn nữa, Tuy nhiên, Vì vậy, Hơn thế nữa.)

1 The roads around the school are quite dangerous. ______, students probably wouldn't cycle to school.

2 Bus tickets are not very expensive. ______, buying  a season ticket is even more economical.

3 It's difficult to cross the road by the school. ______, there's a plan to put in a pedestrian

4 Too many parents drive their children to school. ______, they all arrive at about the same time.

6 Read the task below. Write your report (180-200 words).

(Đọc nhiệm vụ dưới đây. Viết báo cáo của bạn (180-200 từ).)

Your school has asked you for a report on transport to and from the school. Give an outline of the ways in which students get to and from school, and make recommendations for how things could be improved.

(Trường học của bạn đã yêu cầu bạn báo cáo về việc di chuyển đến và đi từ trường. Đưa ra gợi ý về những cách học sinh đến trường và về nhà, đồng thời đưa ra các đề xuất về cách cải thiện mọi việc.)

1 SPEAKING Work in pairs. Discuss the questions.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận các câu hỏi.)

1 When do you think the first humanoid robot appeared in Viet Nam?

2 To what extent do you think this robot resembles a human?

2 Read the text. Check your answers in exercise 1. What do you find most impressive about Sophia?

(Đọc văn bản. Kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn ở bài tập 1. Bạn thấy điều gì ấn tượng nhất về Sophia?)

Humanoid robots, eminent characters in science fiction novels and sci-fi films, are becoming a reality. Sophia, as an example, was first activated on Valentine's Day in 2016. One month later, she had her premiere in Texas, USA and has made multiple public appearances around the world since then. At one such event, Sophia was granted Saudi Arabian citizenship in October 2017 and even became the first Innovation Champion of the United Nations Development Programme later that year. During Sophia's trip to Viet Nam in 2018, she addressed the Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo.

Sophia the Robot is the latest humanlike robot created by a Hong Kong-based company whose combined efforts in Al research, engineering and design have given birth to robots. Undoubtedly, Sophia together with other Hanson robots represents the rapid advancement in the field of robotics and artificial intelligence. She has been designed to assist humans in healthcare, customer support and education.

Sophia's physical appearance is inspired by both the famous actress Audrey Hepburn and the creator's wife. She has cameras for eyes and microphones for ears, allowing her to see and hear like a human. But what makes her more lifelike than other robots is the patented artificial skin called Frubber, which has the feel and flexibility of human skin.

Sophia amazes the world with her ability to communicate naturally. The Sophia Intelligence Collective, which is a combination of AI and human input, and other sophisticated perception techniques enable Sophia to recognise human faces and identify human emotions and gestures. Equipped with machine learning algorithms, Sophia can understand human speech and interact with people. Questions and jokes are pieces of cake to her whereas sarcasm is intelligible. What distinguishes Sophia from other humanlike robots is her social behaviour, i.e. her facial emotions, hand movements and conversation skills, and most importantly, her learning capability. Sophia is programmed to learn from experiences and adapt to new situations.

3 Read the text again. Are the sentences true or false? Write T or F. Correct the false sentences.

(Đọc văn bản một lần nữa. Những câu sau đúng hay sai? Viết T hoặc F. Sửa các câu sai.)

1 Sophia has been introduced at different places around the world.

2 Sophia is the one and only humanlike robot developed by the Hanson Robotics.

3 Sophia shows how much robotics and Al have progressed.

4 Sophia has been designed to give support to humans.

5 Sophia understands whatever a person says.

4 Write a short summary of the text from the following phrases.

(Viết một bản tóm tắt ngắn của văn bản từ các cụm từ sau đây.)

born in 2016

visit many countries

be granted citizenship

show the rapid development of Al

aid humans in various fields

have artificial skin

engage in conversations

recognise people's faces

respond to new situations

5 Listen and decide who is more positive about Sophia and humanlike robots.

(Hãy lắng nghe và quyết định xem ai có quan điểm tích cực hơn về Sophia và những robot giống con người.)

6 Listen again. Choose the correct answers (a–c).

(Lắng nghe một lần nữa. Chọn câu trả lời đúng (a–c).)

1 At the Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo in Viet Nam, Sophia

a is displayed on the stage.

b is interviewed by journalists.

c is dressed in her favourite clothes.

2 Minh is most  impressed by

a Sophia's ability to carry on conversations.

b Sophia's responses in fixed situations.

c Sophia's pronunciation and fluency.

3 Sophia is designed to

a identify criminals at police stations.

b help shoppers at department stores.

c take care of the old at home.

4 Sophia believes that

a robots can be better than humans.

b robots can conquer humans.

c robots and humans can cooperate.

5 In certain films, humans

a can easily defeat robots.

b are served by humanlike robots.

c are controlled by powerful robots.

7 SPEAKING If you were to programme Sophia to speak Vietnamese, what would be the first words or phrases you would key in? What aspect of Vietnamese do you think would be most challenging to Sophia?

(Nếu bạn lập trình cho Sophia nói tiếng Việt, bạn sẽ nhập từ hoặc cụm từ đầu tiên nào? Bạn nghĩ khía cạnh nào của tiếng Việt sẽ là thách thức nhất đối với Sophia?)

8 PROJECT Work in groups. Search the internet for information about humanlike robots. Present your favourite robot to the class.

(Làm việc nhóm. Tìm kiếm trên Internet thông tin về robot giống con người. Trình bày robot yêu thích của bạn trước lớp.)

Read paragraphs (A-C) and questions (1-6). Match the paragraphs with the questions. Each paragraph matches with two questions.

(Đọc đoạn văn (A-C) và câu hỏi (1-6). Nối các đoạn văn với câu hỏi. Mỗi đoạn phù hợp với hai câu hỏi.)

In which paragraph does the author mention a breakthrough which...

1 relieves a painful condition?

2 has an impact on a life-threatening situation?

3 is used in particular areas of the world?

4 replaces a device already available?

5 needs to be used for a short period daily?

6 helps people do things they couldn't do before?

Medical breakthroughs

A

After twenty years of research, scientists have finally succeeded in developing a vaccine for dengue, a viral disease found in tropical areas. The illness causes high fever and severe joint pain, and in some cases, it can be fatal. According to the World Health Organisation, each year between 50 and 100 million people develop dengue, which is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. The commercialised vaccine can protect children in Asia and Latin America against the virus.

B Artificial limbs have been around since ancient times, but no prosthetic has been as lifelike as the Bebionic small hand. The appliance not only looks like a hand, but it also works like one. Electrical impulses triggered by the user's muscle movements connect to individual motors and powerful microprocessors in each finger, causing it to move. Specifically aimed at women and teenagers, the artificial hand enables the user to perform a range of activities previously unmanageable, such as using cutlery and riding a bike.

C

Good news for migraine patients - a special device is available. The battery-driven headband sits across the forehead and over the ears and has a self-adhesive electrode, which helps it stay in place. This electrode applies an electric current to the skin and tissue below the headband stimulating the nerves which are said to trigger the headaches. By wearing the headband for the recommended twenty minutes per day, users are said to experience significantly fewer migraines.

Listen to a small talk on the song Heal the World and complete the text with the missing information.

(Nghe một đoạn nói chuyện nhỏ về bài hát Heal the World và hoàn thành đoạn văn với những thông tin còn thiếu.)

The song Heal the World in Michael Jackson's album ¹_______ was first released ²_______. It lasted ³_______. It became successful due to its lyrics and wish ⁴_______. Jackson himself was really ⁵_______ having written the song which was sung ⁶_______ all over the world. The song ranked 27 on the Billboard Hot 100. Together with the song, the Heal The World Foundation was also created by Jackson with dedication to improving ⁷_______. Jackson's music and message ⁸_______ though he is no longer here.

Work in pairs. You and a friend have been asked to design a poster to publicise an environmental campaign among teenagers. Discuss and agree on the following points to decide what the poster should look like.

Topic

Image

Slogan

(Làm việc theo cặp. Bạn và một người bạn được yêu cầu thiết kế một tấm áp phích để quảng bá chiến dịch môi trường trong giới thanh thiếu niên. Thảo luận và thống nhất những điểm sau để quyết định tấm áp phích sẽ trông như thế nào.

Đề tài

Hình ảnh

Khẩu hiệu)

Your school is proposing replacing all of the textbooks with e-books. The school wants to listen to the ideas of students. Write a report (180-200 words) to the school presenting the advantages and disadvantages of the scheme.

(Trường học của bạn đang đề xuất thay thế tất cả sách giáo khoa bằng sách điện tử. Nhà trường muốn lắng nghe ý kiến của học sinh. Viết một báo cáo (180-200 từ) cho trường trình bày những ưu điểm và nhược điểm của kế hoạch.)

Protest

I can talk about local and global issues.

1 Match (1-7) with (a-g).

(Nối (1-7) với (a-g).

2 Listen to a conversation between Ewan and Emily. Which of the things below do they mention?

(Hãy nghe cuộc trò chuyện giữa Ewan và Emily. Họ đề cập đến những điều nào dưới đây?)

3 Listen again. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?

(Lắng nghe một lần nữa. Các câu này đúng (T) hay sai (F)?)

1 Emily is going on a rally this weekend. ☐

2 Ewan signed a petition against climate change. ☐

3 Emily went on a march against a new shopping centre. ☐

4 Ewan doesn't think protesting will make politicians do anything. ☐

5 Emily thinks companies might act more responsibly if people stop buying their products. ☐

6 Emily thinks that protesting against something is useful. ☐

4 Match the words below with the situations.

(Nối các từ dưới đây với các tình huống.)

1 We interviewed Tom, who had been living on the streets for a year. ____________

2 All Americans will remember 11 September 2001, when two planes crashed into the World Trade Center. ____________

3 Ebola, which is a virus, has killed thousands of people in West Africa. ____________

4 My brother, Jack, who has got a degree, still hasn't been able to find a job. ____________

5 The weather in the Caribbean, where there have been extremely strong hurricanes, has been the worst on record. ____________

5 Complete the sentences with the nouns below.

(Hoàn thành câu với các danh từ dưới đây.)

1 Banning controversial books is an example of _________.

2 The British population has increased because of _________and 12% of UK residents were born outside the country.

3 Although there is less _________today, African Americans still find it more difficult to find jobs than white Americans.

4 Considering how much food we throw away in developed countries, it's a crime that _________ continues to affect a large part of the world's population.

5 More and more countries have _________, and that makes the world more dangerous, not safer.

6 Although _________has been tackled in places like universities, there is discrimination against women in many places.

6 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs below.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với dạng đúng của động từ dưới đây.)

The local authorities have ¹_____ building a bypass which will run through the small ancient village. This plan ²_____ a lot of criticism from the local people who are worried about losing their livelihood. Most of the local people ³_____ on profits earned from services for tourists to the ancient villages. They may work as tour guides, sell souvenirs, ⁴_____ talks on history of the area. They also turn their houses and cottages into a certain type of museums. They have ⁵_____ a few local meetings in preparation for campaigns against the building of the bypass. They are going to hold demonstrations and ⁶_____ petitions in an attempt to stop the building.

Emphasis

I can use sentence structure to create emphasis.

1 Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first.

(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho có nghĩa giống câu thứ nhất.)

1 Chris lost his phone yesterday.

It was Chris _____________________.

2 Ella is getting her hair cut tomorrow.

It's tomorrow _____________________.

3 His grandparents moved to New Zealand last year.

It's New Zealand _____________________.

4 My brother wasn't born until 2010.

It wasn't until _____________________.

5 Nick has been learning to ride a motorbike.

It's a _____________________.

6 I have guitar lessons on Saturday mornings.

It's on _____________________.

7 We saw Roberto at the club last night.

It was Rober to _____________________.

8 They don't enjoy watching sci-fi films.

It's sci-fi films _____________________. 

2 Rewrite the sentences to make a contrast. Begin with the words given and emphasise the words in bold.

(Viết lại câu để tạo sự tương phản. Bắt đầu bằng những từ đã cho và nhấn mạnh những từ in đậm.)

1 This bag is made of leather. It's not made of plastic.

It's leather that ___________________________________

2 The film doesn't finish at 8 p.m. It finishes at 9 p.m.

It's at ___________________________________

3 My sister didn't give me this present. Leo did.

It was ___________________________________

4 I prefer the blue dress. I don't prefer the grey one.

It's the ___________________________________

5 Tom doesn't drive a Ferrari. He drives a Porsche.

It's a ___________________________________

6 Sam isn't going on holiday to Turkey. Dan is.

It's Dan ___________________________________

7 School finishes in June. It doesn't finish in July.

It's in ___________________________________

3 Rewrite the sentences beginning with What or All.

(Viết lại các câu bắt đầu bằng What hoặc All.)

1 This chicken needs to be cooked a bit longer.

What _________________________________

2 You only need to answer two of the exam questions.

All _________________________________

3 We'll just have to buy some drinks for the barbecue.

All _________________________________

4 The only thing I know about our new neighbours is that they are Swedish.

All _________________________________

5 You mustn't forget to turn off the TV before bedtime.

What _________________________________

4 Write the words in the correct order to make emphatic sentences.

(Viết các từ theo đúng thứ tự để tạo thành câu nhấn mạnh.)

1 who / Eva / that / The / person / dog / owns / is

______________________________________

2 I / is / thing / spiders / can't / One / stand

______________________________________

3 often / is / A / to / they've / place / Japan / been

______________________________________

4 who / most / Adele / singer / she / is / The / loves

______________________________________

5 doesn't / green / colour / like / The / Laila / is

______________________________________

6 try / octopus / food / never / One / I'll / is / !

______________________________________

7 like / snowboarding / try / A / he'd / is / sport / to

______________________________________

5 Choose the correct words to complete the forum post.

(Chọn từ đúng để hoàn thành bài viết trên diễn đàn.)

Why do teenagers always get the blame for everything? ¹ One / What thing that really annoys me is getting blamed for all the litter in town, when ² it was / it's often the adults who don't use the bins. ³ Where / What the authorities need to do is put CCTV cameras outside so they can see who's responsible! But ⁴ a/ the main problem they need to address is providing somewhere for us to go. One ⁵ place / thing where we can hang out is at fast-food restaurants, so ⁶ it's / what's there that people see us in groups and assume we're causing trouble. ⁷ All / One we want is somewhere we can go and enjoy ourselves! dexy33

6 Complete the text with one word in each gap.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với một từ trong mỗi chỗ trống.)

We know that plastic is to blame for much of the world's pollution, but ¹ ______ was the news that a plastic island the size of Texas is forming in the Pacific Ocean that shocked many of us. ² ______ answer that many countries have come up with is charging customers for plastic bags in shops. And ³ ______ some countries have done is to completely ban bags that aren't biodegradable. ⁴ ______ thing you can do to help is to buy a bag for life' from a supermarket. When it wears out, ⁵ ______ you need to do is take it back to get a free replacement. In some countries, the ⁶ ______ place where you still won't be charged for a plastic bag is at an airport or on planes.

8 a even so

b for instance

c by the way

Listening Strategy

As you listen, pay special attention to discourse markers (linking phrases), which connect pieces of information to each other. For example, however introduces a contrast, whereas for instance introduces an example.

(Chiến lược lắng nghe

Khi bạn nghe, hãy đặc biệt chú ý đến các dấu hiệu diễn ngôn (các cụm từ liên kết), giúp kết nối các phần thông tin với nhau. Ví dụ, tuy nhiên giới thiệu một sự tương phản, trong khi ví dụ giới thiệu một ví dụ.)

3 Read the Listening Strategy and match the sentence halves.

(Đọc Chiến lược nghe và nối các nửa câu.)

1 I am not sure who to vote for. ☐

2 We couldn't go to London to demonstrate. ☐

3 I don't really understand how Twitter works. ☐

4 My sister went on a protest march at the weekend. ☐

5 Scientists say it will be difficult to reverse global warming. ☐

a Nevertheless, I will try to use it.

b Even so, that's no excuse not to do it at all.

c Still, we managed to protest effectively in other ways.

d Talking of protests, did you sign that petition about equal rights?

e All the same, it would be better to try to do something about it.

5 Listen and match two speakers with sentences (A-C). There is one extra sentence. This speaker:

(Nghe và nối hai người nói với câu (A-C). Có một câu bị thừa. Người nói này)

A talks about a particular online protest and how it evolved into something else. ☐

B proves that social media is essential in political campaigns. ☐

C feels that there is no division between social media campaigning and other forms of protest. ☐

Mixed conditionals

I can use mixed conditionals.

1 Write the words in brackets in the correct order to form mixed conditional sentences. Add a comma in the correct place.

(Viết các từ trong ngoặc theo đúng thứ tự để tạo thành câu điều kiện hỗn hợp. Thêm dấu phẩy vào đúng chỗ.)

1 If (know / you'd / the answer / you'd /listened).

If _________________________________

2 If (weren't / I'd / have / raining / it /walked).

If _________________________________

3 If (he / have / Lucas / older / voted / could / were).

If _________________________________

4 If (chips / have / hungry / I'd / those / was / eaten / I).

If _________________________________

5 If (champions / might / scored / they'd / they / be / the).

If _________________________________

6 If (you / I / have / that / were / done / wouldn't / I).

If _________________________________

a didn't know

b wouldn't know

c hadn't known

3 Complete the mixed conditional sentences with up to five words, including the correct form of the words in brackets. Do not change the order of the words.

(Hoàn thành các câu điều kiện hỗn hợp với tối đa năm từ, bao gồm cả dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc. Đừng thay đổi thứ tự của các từ.)

1 I would be sad if (I / never / meet) you!

__________________________________________

2 If Max hadn't run so fast, (he / not / exhausted).

__________________________________________

3 They wouldn't be nervous about the exam if (they / study / harder).

__________________________________________

4 (you / be / poor) if you'd spent all your money yesterday.

__________________________________________

5 If Lily had used suncream on the beach, (she / burned / now)!

__________________________________________

6 I would have written to you if (I / know / address).

__________________________________________

4 Complete the email with one word in each gap to make mixed conditional sentences.

(Hoàn thành email với một từ trong mỗi chỗ trống để tạo thành các câu điều kiện hỗn hợp.)

To: daisy@email.com

Hi Daisy

Did you watch Comic Relief on TV last night? I might ¹_____ missed it if my mum ²_____ such a huge fan - if she ³_____ reminded me it was on, I'd be really annoyed! Of course, it ⁴_____ have been so funny if the people taking part weren't really famous. And the amount of money they've raised wouldn't ⁵_____ so much if the public hadn't joined in as well. Anyway, it was great fun and I watched it to the end – but I wouldn't be so tired today if I ⁶_____ gone to bed at my usual time!

See you soon, Artur

5 Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc.)

Oxfam is a world leader in delivering emergency relief. If it weren't for this charity, thousands of children in Europe ¹_____ (go) hungry during World War II. Today, desperate people ²_____ (not have) clean water if Oxfam hadn't made this a priority during humanitarian disasters. And if it ³_____ (not be) for Oxfam, the NGO ActionAid might not exist either; there wouldn't be so much pressure on governments to provide healthcare and education and to combat climate change if these charities ⁴_____ (not develop). But Oxfam might not be so successful nowadays if ⁵_____ (not recognise) the importance of linking business with charity. Oxfam employs thousands of people worldwide, but it couldn't have become the UK's biggest high-street seller of second-hand books if it ⁶_____ (not be) also for the thousands of volunteers who give their time working in these important charity shops.

Verb patterns

I am aware of and can use different verb patterns.

1 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.

(Viết các từ theo thứ tự đúng để tạo thành câu.)

1 a / to / have / take / airport / We'll / taxi / us / the

2 teacher / The / again / us / our / test / made / do

3 you / Would / later / prefer / call / to / me / back / ?

4 stop / war / was / The / to / president / made / the

5 someone / bicycle / your / Did / fix / get / you / to / ?

6 check / cut / You'd / doctor / have / better / a / that