Giải SGK, SBT Unit 5. Urbanisation Bright

1. Read the title and look at the pictures. What do you think the text is about? Listen/Watch an read to check?

(Đọc tiêu đề và nhìn vào các bức ảnh. Bản nghĩ bài đọc nói về điều gì? Nghe/Xem và đọc để kiểm tra.)

2. Read the text. Complete the summary with NO MORE TWO WORDS for each answer.

(Đọc bài khoá. Hoàn thành bài tóm tắt với KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ cho mỗi câu trả lời.)

THE URBAN SHIFT

Global urbanisation has increased significantly in recent decades, and one of the main drivers of this growth has been rural migration. More and more people are moving to the city from the countryside each year. Half of the world's population already resides in cities, and by 2050, experts predict that number to reach as high as two-thirds. Many factors contribute to this global phenomenon, which then gives rise to various issues.

There are many push factors which force people away from rural life. For example, rural residents have fewer employment options because there aren't many large companies nearby. What's more, rural jobs are mainly related to agriculture, so crop failure due to natural disasters can make it difficult to earn a good living. By contrast, there are pull factors that attract people to urban life. Urban areas have more industries, so people can easily get good jobs and achieve a higher standard of living. Cities also offer entertainment alternatives, such as theme parks and sporting and musical events, allowing urban citizens to access leisure activities easily.

In the process of urbanisation, rural migration causes various far-reaching impacts on the environment and urban citizens. First, deforestation occurs when city governments have forests cut down to build accommodation for new residents, which harms the environment and reduces air quality. As growing populations result in more deforestation and pollution, the air quality worsens, which can lead to health issues for residents. Second, due to population expansion, cities are struggling to offer adequate public facilities for urban people. As a result, some low-income people are unable to obtain the necessary affordable housing and end up living in slums, where the quality of life is very poor.

As a complicated process, the causes and the effects of rural migration should be fully comprehended. By carefully planning city development and suitable social policies, we can provide urban citizens with good public services, exciting job opportunities and a high quality of life without harming the environment.

Rural migration has been a major driver of 1) _____. This phenomenon is influenced by a variety of causes. Rural dwellers have fewer employment options while urban locations have more 2) _____, making it easier to find good jobs and raise one's standard of living. Cities also provide entertainment options, giving when citizens easy access to 3) _____. However, rural migration brings a variety of problems. It causes 4) _____ and air pollution, which can be harmful to the environment and urban people's health. Furthermore, due to a lack of 5) _____, some people are forced to live in slums. Overall, there are benefits and drawbacks of urbanisation, but we must carefully manage city growth and adopt suitable social policies for urban areas.

3. Read the text again and answer the questions.

(Đọc bài khoá một lần nữa và trả lời các câu hỏi sau.)

1. How many people live in cities today?

(Có bao nhiêu người sống ở thành phố hiện nay?)

2. What are the challenges of agricultural work in rural areas?

(Những thách thức của những việc đồng áng ở nông thôn là gì?)

3. What happens to people who cannot afford proper urban housing?

(Điều gì xảy ra với những người không thể chi trả cho nhà ở hợp lí ở đô thị?)

4. What should modern cities do to improve the lives of people?

(Những thành phố hiện đại cần làm gì để cải thiện đời sống của mọi người?)

4. What are the push factors and pull factors that make people in your country/town move to urban areas?

(Các yếu tố thúc đẩy và nhân tố hấp dẫn khiến người dân ở quốc gia/thị trấn di chuyển đến các khu đô thị?)

5. Fill in each gap with failure, goods, recreational, infrastructure, industries or wages. Then listen and check.

(Điền vào các chỗ trống với failure, goods, recreational, infrastructure, industries or wages. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra.)

Push factors: things that force people to leave rural areas

A. lack of _____ and jobs due to natural disasters

B. poor _____ and public services  

C crop _____ due to natural disasters

D. rural poverty and unemployment

Push factors: things that attract people to big cities

E. easy access to _____ and services

F. more jobs and higher _____

G. better housing and sanitation

H. endless options for _____ activities

6. Read the statements (1-8). Which of the push/pull factors (A-H) in Exercise 5 does each statement match?

(Đọc các phát biểu (1-8). Những yếu tố thúc đẩy và hấp dẫn nào (A-H) trong bài 5 đi với mỗi phát biểu.)

1. ___ "I prefer to live in a place with good shopping facilities where I can get the products I want."

2. ___ "My career options and earning potential are considerably better here."

3. ___ "Farming alone does not provide me with sufficient income to support my family."

4. ___ "There are many fun and interesting pursuits that I can enjoy in my spare time here."

5. ___ "There are limited healthcare facilities and poor transport connections in my area."

6. ___ "My accommodation is of high quality, and my neighbourhood is safe and clean."

7. ___ "There are no companies and very few career opportunities available to me here."

8. ___ "Extreme weather conditions can dramatically reduce my annual farming income."

7. Replace the adjectives in bold with their opposites from the list.

• lively • fresh • breathtaking • well-mannered • heavy • stressful • peaceful • spacious

1. Urban centres are _____ (quiet) places with lots of things to see and do, but they can also be quite _____ (relaxing) since they're so busy.

2. When we asked for directions to the city museum, the taxi driver was very _____ (rude).

3. Rural areas are often more _____ (crowded) than cities because there are fewer buildings.

4. Rural areas often have _____ (ordinary) views of mountains and lakes, and are usually more _____ (noisy) than cities.

5. One of the main benefits of living in the countryside is the _____ (polluted) air.

6. It could be time-consuming to travel city if there is in a busy _____ (light) traffic.

8. Use the adjectives in Exercise 7 to describe the places in the two photos. Tell your partner.

(Dùng các tính từ trong bài tập 7 để mô tả những địa điểm hai bức ảnh. Nói với bạn cùng bàn của bạn.)

9. Would you prefer to live in a rural area or an urban area? Tell your partner.

(Bạn thích sống ở nông thôn hay thành thị hơn? Hãy nói với bạn cùng bàn của bạn.)

 Do you agree with the following statements? Why/Why not?

(Bạn có đồng ý với những phát biểu sau không? Tại sao/ Tại sao không?)

Rural migration ...

(Sự di cư về thành phố …)

1. helps people achieve a better quality of life.

(giúp người ta đạt được chất lượng cuộc sống tốt hơn.)

2. makes people lose their cultural identity.

(khiến mọi người mất đi bản sắc văn hoá của họ.)

3. gives people a chance to experience cultural diversity.

(cho mọi người cơ hội khám phá sự đa dạng văn hoá.)

1. Listen and repeat. (Nghe và lặp lại.)

1. rural migration (n): sự di cư về các thành phố lớn

2. overpopulation (n): quá tải dân số

3. slum (n): khu ổ chuột

4. industrial area (n): khu công nghiệp

5. high-rise building (n): toà nhà cao tầng

6. megacity (n): siêu đô thị

2. Complete the statements with the words/phrases (1-6) from Exercise 1.

(Hoàn thành các phát biểu sau với các từ/ cụm từ (1-6) từ bài tập 1.)

1. This part of the city is a(n) _____ with lots of factories.

2. Some poor people ended up living in a(n) _____ because they couldn't afford proper housing.

3. _____ can cause lots of trouble on public transport in a city, especially during rush hour.

4. _____ happens when people move to the city from the countryside to find better jobs.

5. People who live in the centre of a(n) _____ may take hours to get around.

6. The city council plans to construct a new _____ in a suburb of Newcastle to provide more housing.

3. Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others. Then listen and check. Practise saying them with a partner.

(Chọn từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác với các từ còn lại. Nghe và kiểm tra. Luyện tập nói chúng với bạn cùng bàn.)

1. A. rural                       B. slum              C. industrial                  D. public

2. A. migration                           B. rise                C. megacity                    D. life

3. A. megacity                             B. area                             C. centre                         D. resident

4. Listen to Jane talking to her friend about growing cities. Which of the aspects of growing cities (1-6) in Exercise 1 does she mention? Write in your notebook.

(Lắng nghe Jane nói với bạn cô ấy về những thành phố đang phát triển. Những khía cạnh nào của những thành phố đang phát triển (1-6) trong bài tập 1 mà cô ấy nhắc đến. Viết trong vở của bạn.)

5. Which of the aspects of growing cities (1-6) in Exercise 1 exist/ don’t exist in your country/hometown? Tell your partner.

1. Choose the correct option. (Chọn đáp án đúng)

1. Can you explain _____ me what urbanisation is?

A. with              B. for                  C. to                    D. at

2. The town officials are arguing  _____ the deadline of a major construction project.

A. about            B. with                             C. at                    D. on

3. The village committee agreed _____ a plan to fight unemployment in the coming year.

A. of                    B. for                  C. on                   D. in

4. Jo participated _____ a car-sharing programme to help reduce traffic congestion in her area.

A. with              B. about            C. for                  D. in

5. I am working for a factory that specialises _____ sanitation equipment.

A. at                    B. on                   C. in                    D form

6. Eric applied _____ a job in that industrial area.

A. to                    B. at                    C. for                  D. about

7. The schools in this city promised to provide local children _____ a high-quality education.

A. from              B. with                             C. at                    D. of

8. Throughout history, millions of migrants have arrived _____ New York in search of a better life.

A. in                    B. at                    C. on                   D. for

2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs from the list and the correct prepositions.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng đúng của các động từ trong danh sách với giới từ đúng.)

• deal • cope • succeed • dream • pay

1. Rural migrants often find it difficult to _____ a new living environment in a city.

2. Amanda was so happy because she _____ locating a spacious flat to rent last Sunday.

3. Young people often _____ moving to megacities to pursue better careers.

4. Governments use tax money to _____ services such as education, healthcare and public transport.

5. The city government plans to _____ the problem of overcrowding In the city centre.

3. Match the halves and add the correct prepositions to make complete sentences.

(Nối hai nửa câu và thêm giới từ đúng và tạo thành các câu hoàn chỉnh.)

1. ___ Members of the city council are arguing

2. ___ A lack of job opportunities prevents people

3. ___ Does that home belong

4. ___ Farmers have worked very hard to protect their crops

5. ___ Jane has decided to involve himself

6. ___ The government must focus

A. your family or your neighbours?

B. the effects of rural migration to the city.

C. politics to serve her community.

D. extreme weather in the past two months.

E. staying here in my village.

F. reducing traffic congestion in the city centre.

4. Make sentences using these verbs and your own ideas.

• prepare • suffer • graduate • deal • dream • depend • wait • arrive

We did a lot of research to prepare for the presentation about urbanisation yesterday.

(Chúng tôi nghiên cứu rất nhiều để chuẩn bị cho bài thuyết trình về đô thị hoá ngày hôm qua.)

5. Rewrite the sentences using active causatives. Write in your notebook.

(Viết lại các câu sau dùng thể sai khiến chủ động. Viết vào vở.)

1. The mayor hired workers to construct a new high-rise building.

The mayor had workers construct/got worker to construct a new high-rise building.

2. The residents asked the plumber to clean the water pipes in their building.

3. The government asked the city planner to create a new infrastructure plan.

4. Emma wanted Stephen to mention the lack of recreational activities in his letter to city officials.

6. Rewrite the sentences using passive causatives. Write In your notebook.

1. The city clerk asked the mechanic to repair the city bus.

The city clerk had/got the city bus repaired.

2. The city government hired experts to check pollution levels in industrial areas.

3. The mayor paid a construction company to build the new recreational centre last year.

4. The park manager will ask workers to replace the old benches because they are worn down.

7. Choose the correct option.

(Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. Sarah got the electricity company _____ the damaged street light near her house.

A. to fix             B. fix                   C. fixing            D. fixed

2. The city officials had the city planner _____ a new bus route.

A. design          B. to design     C. designing    D. designed

3. I wonder when the government will get a new metro system _____ to reduce traffic congestion in this area.

A. builds           B. built                             C. building       D. to build

4. The manager of the high-rise building _____ last month.

A. had sanitation facilities improve

B. got sanitation facilities to improve

C. had improved sanitation facilities

D. had sanitation facilities improved

8. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one.

(Hoàn thành câu thứ hai có nghĩa giống với câu thứ nhất.)

1. The farmer paid for a local builder to construct a greenhouse to protect his crops.

The farmer had a local builder _________________________ his crops.

2. Jake has a busy job in the city, so he hires someone to clean his flat once a week.

Jake has a busy job in the city, so he gets his flat _________________________.

3. Local people hired some gardeners to plant more trees in the park to improve air quality.

Local people had more trees _________________________  air quality.

9. A park manager hired workers to renovate the local park last month. Match the items in column A to the verbs in column B and make sentence using causatives.

(Một quản lí công viên thuê công nhân cải tạo lại công viên địa phương tháng trước. Nối các đồ vật ở cột A với các động từ ở  cột B và viết thành các câu dùng thể sai khiến.)

To do list: Local park

A: • park • grass • flowers • rubbish  • fences • pavements

B: • clean • cut • clear • plant • sweep • paint

The park manager had workers clean/got workers to clean the park. The park manager had/got the park cleaned.

(Quản lí công viên thuê công nhân dọn dẹp công viên.)

1. What are some of the issues in rural areas? What actons should the government take to deal with them?

(Những vấn đề nào xảy ra ở các vùng nông thôn? Những biện pháp nào mà chính phủ nên dùng để giải quyết những việc đó?)

2. Listen to a talk about a new rural development plan and answer the questions (1-6). Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

(Nghe một bài nói về một kế hoạch phát triển nông thôn mới và trả lời các câu hỏi (1-6). Viết KHÔNG QUÁ BA TỪ VÀ/ HOẶC MỘT CON SỐ cho mỗi câu trả lời.)

When will the new rural development plan be implemented?

1. _____

Which two issue will the plan deal with?

2. _____

3. _____

What assistance will the council provide to those who want to start business in rural places?

4. _____

Name TWO public services the local government plans to improve in rural areas.

5. _____

6. _____

 a) You are going to listen to a dialogue between two friends. Read the sentences (1-4) and underline the key words.

(Bạn sẽ nghe một đoạn hội thoại giữa hai người bạn. Đọc các phát biểu (1-4) và gạch chân dưới các từ khóa.)

1. Eric has not encountered the term "megacity" before.

2. In some cases, megacities contain two or more smaller cities.

3. Chicago is expected to become a megacity.

4. Sophia would like to live in a megacity permanently.

 b) What do you think the dialogue is about? Listen and check.

(Bạn nghĩ cuộc hội thoại này nói về điều gì? Nghe và kiểm tra.)

A. The impact of urbanisation on megacities.

B. The rise of megacities around the world.

C. The quality of life for people in megacities.

D. The future problems that megacities will face.

4. Listen to the dialogue again and decide if each of the statements (1-4) is true (T) or false (F).

(Lắng nghe đoạn hội thoại một lần nữa và quyết định xem mỗi phát biểu (1-4) là đúng hay sai.)

 Look at the picture. Circle the correct phrasal verb.

(Nhìn vào bức tranh. Khoanh tròn cụm động từ đúng.)

Did you hear about the tourist who complained about visiting the top of the Empire State building in winter?

No, what happened to him?

He came up with/ came down with a cold!

 a) Fill in each gap with smog, commerce, management, transit, soaring or facilities. Then listen and check.

(Điền vào các chỗ trống với smog, commerce, management, transit, soaring or facilities. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra.)

Rural migration, industrialisation and government policies are all factors that contribute to urbanisation. Are there good or bad aspects to urbanisation? Let's take a look.

Pros

• rapid 1) _____ systems available for convenient travel

• improved quality of education and higher salaries

• better access to medical 2) _____ 

• improved trade and 3) _____

Cons

• 4) _____ and poor air quality

• 5) _____ prices for homeowners

• creation of slums and poor areas.

• waste 6) _____ problems

 b) Can you think of other pros and cons to urbanisation?

(Bạn có thể nghĩ ra những lợi ích và mặt hạn chế khác của sự đô thị hóa không?)

2. Listen and read the dialogue. What are Laura and John talking about?

(Nghe và đọc đoạn hội thoại. Laura và John đang nói về điều gì?)

Laura: Hey John, what do you think about urbanisation?

John: To be honest, I don't support it.

Laura: Why not? Don't you think urbanisation leads to better education systems and improved career options for young people?

John: No doubt about that. However, urbanisation increases competition for jobs.

Laura: Maybe ... but don't you agree that cities provide a better quality of life in general?

John: That's not how I see it. Smog and overcrowding are real problems. I believe it's better to have small cities than big ones.

 b) Which of the underlined phrases/ sentences are used for agreeing?/disagreeing?/ expressing doubts?

(Cụm từ/ câu gạch chân nào được dùng để đồng ý/không đồng ý/ thể hiện những nghi ngờ?)

c) Replace the underlined phrases/ sentences with It's possible, I didn't think of it that way and I couldn't agree with you more. Think of more similar phrases/sentences.

(Thay thế các cụm từ/câu được gạch chân với It's possible, I didn't think of it that way and I couldn't agree with you more. Nghĩ ra những câu/cụm từ tương tự.)

2. Act out a dialogue similar to the one in Exercise 2a. Use the diagram below. Mind the intonation and rhythm.

(Diễn một đoạn hội thoại giống với hội thoại trong bài tập 2a. Dùng sơ đồ bên dưới. Chú ý am điệu và ngữ điệu.)

A: Ask B for his/her opinion about an issue.

B: Give your opinion.

A: Respond and give your opinion.

B: Agree and give another opinion.

A: Express doubt and give another opinion.

B. Disagree and give your reason.

4. Choose the word that has the stress pattern different from the others. Then listen and repeat. Practice saying them.

(Chọn từ có trọng âm khác với các từ còn lại. Nghe và lặp lại. Luyện tập nói chúng.)

1. A. pollution

B. quality

C. creation

D. migration

2. A. community

B. facility

C. education

D. biology

3.

A. economic

B. residential

C. separation

D. industrial

4.

A. opportunity

B. urbanisation

C. deforestation

D. accommodation

1. Read Emily's essay. What is it about?

(Đọc bài luận của Emily. Nó nói về điều gì?)

A. Urbanisation is a global phenomenon of growing urban areas that has occurred for a variety of reasons. The growth of industries, rural migration and government policies are just a few of the factors that contribute to urbanisation. However, is this phenomenon advantageous or disadvantageous?

B. On the one hand, urbanisation has several advantages. One of the advantages is that it creates well-developed urban areas with rapid transit systems, good educational and medical facilities, and recreational facilities, all of which provide convenience and a higher standard of living. Another advantage is that urban areas typically serve as technological advancement hubs, attracting many skilled professionals to work and drive technological advancement.

C. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to urbanisation. The main drawback is that rapid urbanisation can lead to overcrowding, traffic congestion and a decrease in the quality of public services. Consequently, this makes life difficult for people who usually depend on them. An additional disadvantage is the difficulty that low-income families have in locating affordable housing options due to the high cost of housing. As a result, many of them are forced to relocate to slums with poor housing and inadequate necessities.

D. All in all, while there are drawback to urbanisation, it is a necessary modern trend that people must adapt to. Urban planning, facility investment and social policies aimed at reducing negative consequences are examples of efforts to address the challenges of urbanisation.

2. In which paragraph does Emily ...

(trong đoạn nào Emily…)

1. ___ mentions disadvantages with explanations/examples?

2. ___ summarises the main points and gives her opinion?

3. ___ presents the topic?

4. ___  mentions advantages with explanations/examples?

3. Replace the phrases in bold Emily used in her essay with those from the Useful Language box.

(Thay thế các từ in đậm mà Emily dùng trong bài luận của cô ấy với những cụm trong hộp Ngôn ngữ Thông dụng.)

4. Match the advantages and disadvantages (1-4) to the explanations/examples (A-D). Then make sentences as in the example. Use appropriate language.

(Nối các lợi ích và mặt hạn chế (1-4) với giải thích/ví dụ (A-D). Sau đó tạo các câu giống như trong ví dụ. Dùng nghôn ngữ phù hợp.)

1. ___ high populations in urban areas

2. ___ exciting job opportunities in urban areas

3. ___ higher costs of living in urban areas

4. ___ more conveniences of living in urban areas

A. Major companies have offices in urban areas.

B. People can access shops, theatres and restaurants easily.

C People must deal with overcrowding and heavy traffic.

D. Rents and other services can be very expensive.

One of the benefits is that there are exciting job opportunities in urban areas. This is because major companies have offices here.

(Một trong những lợi ích là có rất nhiều cơ hội việc làm thú vị ở vùng đô thị. Điều này là vì những công ty lớn đều có văn phòng ở đây.)

5.You are going to write an essay about the pros and cons to urbanisation. Answer the questions.

(Bạn sẽ viết một bài luận về lợi ích và hạn chế của việc đô thị hoá. Trả lời câu hỏi.)

1. What are you going to write?

(Bạn dự định sẽ viết gì?)

2. What are the pros and cons?

(Lợi ích và hạn chế gồm những gì?)

3. What is your opinion?

(Quan điểm của bạn là gì?)

6.  Write your essay (about 180-200 words).

Introduction: (Paragraph 1) presenting the topic

(Mở bài: (đoạn 1) trình bày chủ đề)

Main body:

(Paragraph 2) writing about advantages with explanation(s)/example(s)

(Paragraph 3) writing about disadvantages with explanation(s)/example(s)

(Thân bài:

(Đoạn 2) viết về lợi ích với giải thích/ví dụ

(Đoạn 3) viết về lợi ích với giải thích/ví dụ)

Conclusion: (Paragraph 4) summarising the main points, stating your opinion

(Kết bài: (Đoạn 4) Tổng kết các ý chính, trình bày quan điểm)

7. Check your essay for spelling/grammar mistakes. Then, in pairs, swap your essays and check each other's work.

(Kiểm tra lỗi chính tả, lỗi ngữ pháp trong bài luận của bạn. Sau đó đổi bài theo cặp và kiểm tra bài làm của đối phương.)

a) Look at the pictures and fill in the missing letters.

(Nhìn vào các bức tranh và điền vào các chữ cái còn thiếu.)

b) Use the words/phrases in Exercise 1a to fill in the gaps.

(Dùng các từ/ cụm từ ở bài tập 1a để điền vào các chỗ trống.)

1. Many flats in that _____ are too expensive for most people.

2. _____ results in many kinds of pollution in modern cities.

3. _____ happens when lots of people leave the countryside for the city.

4. There are high levels of pollution new a(n) _____ because of the waste from many factories. 

Pronunciation (Phát âm)

Vowel review (Ôn tập về nguyên âm)

Choose the word that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

(Chọn từ có phần gạch chân phát âm khác với các từ còn lại.)

1. A. trade                   B. land                         C. flat                          D. cash

2. A. level                    B. access                     C. expert                     D. species

3. A. construct             B. pollute                    C. refund                     D. result

4. A. urbanise              B. interview                C. consider                  D. disappear 

Reading (Đọc hiểu)

3. Read the text. Choose the option (A, B, C or D) that best fits each gap (1-5).

(Đọc bài khóa. Chọn đáp án (A, B, C hoặc D) phù hợp nhất với mỗi chỗ trống (1-5).)

OUR URBAN HISTORY

The first cities appeared around ten thousand years ago in areas with good farmland near rivers such as in Mesopotamia and Egypt. This is because when people started to grow crops, they could live in communities in one place instead of moving around to find food. The rivers also allowed them 1) _____ with other communities.

People became attracted to cities because they offered trade, education and work opportunities, but urbanisation is a new thing. Until 250 years ago, 90% of people lived in rural areas. The huge cities of Mesopotamia have disappeared, 2) _____ other cities have grown. For example, Cairo in Egypt today has a population of 22 million people.

The main reason behind the rapid urbanisation we see today was the Industrial Revolution of the mid-1800s, 3) _____ started in England and then spread to Europe and America. People started moving from the countryside to the cites to work in the factories, which made the city populations grew rapidly. London went from a population of one million in 1800 to over six million in ten years. Advances in infrastructure, transit, education and entertainment keep 4) _____ people to move to big cities. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas today and experts predict that it will increase to two-thirds by 2050.

The first megacities with populations of more than 10 million people 5) _____ New York City and Tokyo in the 1950s. There are 33 megacities around the world today. Tokyo is still the biggest with 37.3 million residents, but there are lots of cities with populations of more than 20 million such as Delhi, Shanghai, Dhaka, Sao Paulo and Mexico City. Experts predict there will be 41 megacities by the year 2030.

1. A. trade                   B. to trade                   C. trading                    D. to trading

2. A. or                        B. and                          C. but                          D. so

3. A. which                  B. that                         C. who                         D. why

4. A. attract                 B. attracting                C. to attract                 D. to attracting

5. A. is                         B. was                         C. are                          D. were

5. Read the text again. Complete each sentence with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER.

(Đọc lại bài khóa một lần nữa. Hoàn thành mỗi câu với KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT CON SỐ.)

1. People started living in cities about _____ years ago.

2. Cities offered people _____, education and work opportunities.

3. The _____ was the main reason for urbanisation in the 1800s.

4. Experts think _____ of the world's population will live in cities by 2050.

5. By the year 2030, it is predicted that there will be _____ megacities. 

Vocabulary (Từ vựng)

Rural - urban migration (Sự di cư từ nông thôn lên thành phố)

5. Choose the correct option.

(Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. Low wages/access may force people to leave their towns or villages.

2. Lack of public/recreational activities makes young people move to cities.

3. Access to goods/industries and services is available but sometimes expensive in cities.

4. Crop infrastructure/failure may be due to global warming.

5. There are more industries/goods in a megacity, which creates more jobs.

6. Poor infrastructure/access in rural areas leads people to big cites. 

6. Fill in each gap with infrastructure, recreational, failure, industries, goods or wages.

(Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với infrastructure, recreational, failure, industries, goods hoặc wages.)

A: Hey John! How are you doing?

B: I'm alright. You know what? I'm thinking of moving to the city.

A: Why is that? Are you going to leave the quiet life of our village?

B: Well, although I like the peaceful and slow pace of life here, I must go. 1) _____ are higher in the city and there are more 2) _____ activities there.

A: Are you sure about that? I know there are very few job opportunities here, but the locals are well-mannered and caring, and you live a life that's far from stressful.

B: I really love the beautiful things in our town, but after the last crop 3) _____ I have no choice but to go to a big urban centre. There are certainly more 4) _____ that offer employment, and the city has better 5) _____ and public services than our rural area. I hope to get a job soon and find a spacious flat.

A: I hope you can afford all the 6) _____ the city can offer! 

Verb with preposition (Động từ đi với giới từ)

1. Choose the correct option. (Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. We need to stop complaining about/to overpopulation and take action.

2. Tourists looked for/at the slums and the high-rise buildings nearby and they couldn't help feeling strange.

3. The committee approved of/to a new plan to reduce pollution in industrial areas.

4. How can you concentrate on/with your work with so much noise?

5. Now that she's graduated in/from university, she's thinking of getting a job in the city.

6. He asked for/of a pay rise as he couldn't live on such a low wage.

7. I’ll speak to/about the mayor about the importance of repairing all highways.

8. People in slums have to cope with/on poverty, dirt and lack of clean water.

9. Crop failure may result in/of people moving to the cities in order to have a better life. 

2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs from the list and the correct prepositions.

(Hoàn thành các câu sau với dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc và giới từ đúng đi kèm.)

• refer • depend • worry • succeed • provide • prevent • arrive • apply

1. A high-quality life _____ high wages, recreational activities and a good healthcare system.

2. The high unemployment rate _____ people _____ living in rural areas.

3. In his speech yesterday, the mayor _____ urbanisation and its pros and cons.

4. She _____ getting a part-time job and renting an affordable flat.

5. A good education _____ you _____ better job prospects.

6. Most residents near the slum often _____ water pollution.

7. He _____ a better-paid job in the city centre.

8. They _____ the industrial area very early in the morning.

Causatives: HAVE and GET (Thể sai khiến với have và get)

3. Choose the correct option. (Chọn đáp án đúng.)

1. a. The city council had the workers repair the roads.

b. The city council had the workers repaired the roads.

2. a. The government had pollution reduced in industrial areas.

b. The government had pollution reduce in industrial areas.

3. a. I got the plumber fixed the pipes.

b. I got the plumber to fix the pipes.

4. a. When will the city council get taxes reduced?

b. When will the city council get taxes reduce?

5. a. We got the old building renovated by a team of experts.

b. We got the old building to renovate by a team of experts.

6. a. The city council had a new school built.

b. The city council had a new school build.

7. a. I got the house to paint by a team of experts.

b. I had the house painted by a team of experts. 

4. Make complete sentences using the prompts and causatives.

(Tạo các câu đầy đủ dùng các gợi ý và thể sai khiến.)

1. My uncle / have/ house/ paint / once/year.

2. The farmer / have / new / greenhouse / construct / his / area / last month.

3. Emma / have / a gardener / plant / some / trees / her / garden / tomorrow.

4. We / get / team / experts / renovate / old / building / last year.

5. you/have/ new/ carpets /fit /your/ house / yet?

6. When / government / get / bridge / repair / next year? 

1. Listen to a member of the city council talking about a new urban development plan and fill in the gaps (1-5). Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.

(Lắng nghe thành viên của hội đồng thành phố nói về một kế hoạch phát triển đô thị mới và điều vào các chỗ trống (1-5). Viết KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT CON SỐ cho mỗi câu trả lời.)

Thornton City Urban Development Plan

2. Two friends are talking about a project. Listen and decide if each of the statements (1-4) is T (True) or F (False).

(Hai người bạn nói về một dự án. Lắng nghe và quyết định xem những phát biểu sau (1-4) là T (đúng) hay là F (sai).)

1. John's project is about why some people leave the city for the countryside.

2. Jane thinks that it's convenient to travel around in the city.

3. Jane prefers living in the rural area.

4. John thinks that farmers who have problems with their crops don't have to leave for the city. 

Vocabulary (Từ vựng)

Urbanisation: pros and cons (Đô thị hóa: Ưu và nhược điểm)

1. a) Match the words in the two columns.

(Nối các từ trong hai cột.)

b) Fill in each gap with the phrases in Exercise 1a.

(Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với các cụm từ ở bài tập 1a.)

1. Those living near industrial areas have to cope with _____.

2. Some people want to leave the big cities as they cannot afford the _____.

3. One of the reasons why many people go to the cities is that they have access to hospitals and other _____.

4. Slums and poor areas have to deal with a lack of clean drinking water and _____ problems.

5. The government is going to introduce new rapid _____ that will reduce traffic congestion.

6. _____ refer to the way people buy and sell goods.

Everyday English (Tiếng Anh thường ngày)

Agreeing/disagreeing/expressing doubt (Đồng ý/Không đồng ý/Diễn tả các nghi ngờ)

2. Complete the dialogue with the phrases/ sentences below.

(Hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại với các cụm từ/câu bên dưới.)

Maybe

That's not how I see it

No doubt about that

To be honest, I don't support

Chris: Hey Steve, what do you think about the soaring prices in our city?

Steve: 1) _____ this trend.

Chris: Why not? Don't you think it's beneficial for those who work in the field of construction because they have better-paid projects and more opportunities.

Steve: 2) _____. However, this trend excludes those who cannot afford to buy or rent, which is unfair.

Chris: 3) _____, but don't you agree that more expensive goods and services motivate us to work harder and become more efficient?

Steve: 4) _____ . A city provides many opportunities and job prospects, hut they come at a heavy price.

Pronunciation (Phát âm)

Word stress (Trọng âm của từ)

3. Choose the word that has a stress pattern different from the others. Then listen and check.

1. A. hospital               B. resident                   C. industry                  D. construction

2. A. salary                  B. creation                   C. government            D. company

3. A. condition            B. migration                C. management           D. congestion

4. A. environment       B. development           C. facility                    D. infrastructure 

An advantage & disadvantage essay (Bài luận về lợi ích và tác hại.)

1. Choose the best option to make meaningful paragraphs.

(Chọn đáp án đúng nhất để tạo thành các đoạn văn có nghĩa.)

a. Nowadays, more and more cities are growing into megacities.

b. One of the benefits of living in a huge urban centre is access to medical services, which is essential, especially for the elderly and those suffering from diseases.

c. In addition to better access to education, megacity dwellers can enjoy more goods and services and pursue careers with better job prospects.

d. Living in a megacity truly provides comforts that are hard to find in a smaller town or city, but there are also some negative aspects.

e. An additional advantage is that people can find a higher-quality education as them are bigger and better schools.

A. a-d-b-e-c                 B. a-d-b-c-e                 C. a-b-c-e-d                 D. d-a-b-e-c 

2. Read and fill in the gaps (1-6) with correct words from the list.

(Đọc và điền vào các chỗ trống (1-6) với các từ đúng trong danh sách.)

• Another • dealt with • difficult • Therefore • pros • On the other hand

1) _____, there are some disadvantages of living in an urban area. The main drawback is the pollution and poor air quality in overcrowded areas. 2) _____ drawback is the soaring prices and the high cost of living, which makes life 3) _____ for the majority of citizens. On top of that, people in megacities have to 4) _____ serious waste management problems. All in all, living in a megacity has many 5) _____ as people can enjoy better goads and services there, but it also comes with some serious problems. 6) _____,  people who choose to live in cities should consider the benefits and drawbacks of urbanisation carefully. 

Writing (Viết)

3, Fill in each gap with the phrases in the list.

(Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với các cụm từ trong danh sách.)

• Another drawback ...

• One of the benefits ...

• An additional advantage …

• The main disadvantage ...

1. _____ of living in the countryside is the peaceful atmosphere and the quality of air you breathe.

_____ is that living costs are much lower.

2. _____ of living in a city is the soaring property prices.

_____ is that people spend a lot of time commuting to work. 

4. Read the arguments below and label them as P (pros) or C (cons).

(Đọc các lý lẽ bên dưới chúng và dãn nhán chúng là P (ưu điểm) hoặc C (nhược điểm)

1. access to high quality goods and services  (tiếp cận hàng hóa và dịch vụ chất lượng cao)

2. pollution and poverty (ô nhiễm và nghèo đói)

3. soaring prices (giá cả tăng cao)

4. higher wages (lương cao hơn)

5. an advanced healthcare system (hệ thống chăm sóc sức khỏe được cải tiến)

6. overpopulation (quá tải dân số)

7. unemployment (thất nghiệp)

8. more education opportunities (nhiều cơ hội giáo dục hơn)

5. Write an essay (about 180-200 words) about the advantages and disadvantages of urbanisation.

(Viết một bài luận (khoảng 180 – 200 từ) về lợi ích và nhược điểm của việc đô thị hóa)

Plan

Introduction: (Paragraph 1) presenting the topic 

(Mở bài: (đoạn 1) trình bày chủ đề)

Main body: 

(Paragraph 2) writing about advantages with explanation(s)/example(s) 

(Paragraph 3) writing about disadvantages with explanation(s)/example(s) 

(Thân bài:

(Đoạn 2) viết về lợi ích với giải thích/ví dụ

(Đoạn 3) viết về hạn chế với giải thích/ví dụ)

Conclusion: (Paragraph 4) summarising the main points, stating your opinion 

(Kết bài: (Đoạn 4) Tổng kết các ý chính, trình bày quan điểm)