Giải SGK, SBT Unit 4. Planet Earth English Discovery

1. Do the quiz with a partner. Then listen and check your answers.

(Giải câu đố với một người bạn. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra câu trả lời của bạn.)

QUIZ - MYSTERIES OF THE OCEAN

Around 70 percent of the Earth's surface is covered by oceans. But how much do you know about the mysteries hidden under the surface?

TRUE or FALSE? Write T or F in the box.

1. The sea is blue because it reflects the colour of the sky.

2. Winding rivers with strong currents exist deep under the ocean.

3. The blue whale is the largest animal known to have ever existed.

4. Most volcanic eruptions are underwater.

5. The Pacific Ocean was named after the person who discovered it.

6. Humpback whales live all year round in the calm seas around Hawaii.

7. It's impossible to surf huge waves of over twenty metres high.

8. The longest mountain range in the world is found underwater.

9. The Great Barrier Reef is composed of 900 tropical islands and can be seen from the moon.

10. The difference in the depth of water between low tide and high tide can be up to sixteen metres.

Tạm dịch:

ĐỐ - BÍ ẨN CỦA ĐẠI DƯƠNG

Khoảng 70 % bề mặt Trái đất được bao phủ bởi các đại dương. Nhưng bạn biết bao nhiêu về những bí ẩn ẩn dưới bề mặt?

Đúng hay sai? Viết T hoặc F vào ô.

1. Biển có màu xanh vì nó phản chiếu màu của bầu trời. 

2. Những dòng sông uốn lượn với dòng chảy mạnh tồn tại sâu dưới lòng đại dương. 

3. Cá voi xanh là loài động vật lớn nhất từng tồn tại. 

4. Hầu hết các vụ phun trào núi lửa đều diễn ra dưới nước. 

5. Thái Bình Dương được đặt tên theo người đã phát hiện ra nó. 

6. Cá voi lưng gù sống quanh năm ở vùng biển lặng quanh Hawaii. 

7. Không thể lướt trên những con sóng khổng lồ cao hơn hai mươi mét. 

8. Dãy núi dài nhất thế giới được tìm thấy dưới nước. 

9. Rạn san hô Great Barrier bao gồm 900 hòn đảo nhiệt đới và có thể nhìn thấy từ mặt trăng. 

10. Sự khác biệt về độ sâu của nước giữa thủy triều thấp và thủy triều cao có thể lên đến 16 mét. 

2. Complete the diagram with the underlined words in the quiz. Then listen, check and repeat.

(Hoàn thành sơ đồ với các từ được gạch chân trong bài kiểm tra. Sau đó nghe, kiểm tra và lặp lại.)

4. Complete the list below with the words and phrases in red in Exercise 3. Then listen, check and repeat.

(Hoàn thành danh sách dưới đây với các từ và cụm từ được tô màu đỏ trong Bài tập 3. Sau đó nghe, kiểm tra và lặp lại.)

be made up of = be formed from

come across = ____________

come in  = ____________

die out = ____________

go out = ____________

heat something up = ____________

stir something up = ____________

5. In groups, write down 5 facts about the planet Earth, using the phrases you've learnt in this lesson. Then share with the class.

(Theo nhóm, viết ra 5 sự thật về hành tinh Trái Đất, sử dụng các cụm từ bạn đã học được trong bài học này. Sau đó chia sẻ với cả lớp.)

1. In pairs, guess the answers to the questions. Then read the text and check your ideas.

(Theo cặp, đoán câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi. Sau đó đọc văn bản và kiểm tra ý tưởng của bạn.)

1. What was the world population in 1900? What is it now? What will it be in 2050?

(Dân số thế giới năm 1900 là bao nhiêu? Bây giờ là bao nhiêu? Nó sẽ bao nhiêu vào năm 2050?)

2. What is the biggest change in where people live?

(Sự thay đổi lớn nhất ở nơi mọi người sống là gì?)

3. What are 'megacities"?

(Siêu đô thị là gì?)

The world's growing problem

A famous scientist said recently that there's a growing problem in the world, and the problem is people there are just too many of us! Because of economic growth, food and health care have improved and people are living longer. During the twentieth century the population of the world grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. Today, it is 7 billion and by 2050 it is predicted to reach 9.2 billion.

For the first time in history. more people live in cities than in the countryside. Across the globe, there are 27 megacities- cities with more than 10 million inhabitants and by 2025 the United Nations predicts the total will be 36. Megacities are more common in Asia, particularly in India and China. The biggest megacity is still Tokyo, with a population of 34,500,000.

2. Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS and complete the examples with the words in blue in the text.

(Đọc NGỮ PHÁP TRỌNG TÂM  và hoàn thành các ví dụ với các từ màu xanh lam trong văn bản.)

3. Complete the text with a, an, the or Ø (no article). Then listen and check. What has Jack Ng invented and why?

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với a, an, the hoặc Ø (không có mạo từ). Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra. Jack Ng đã phát minh ra cái gì và tại sao?)

Vertical farms in Singapore

¹The biggest problem that megacities have is how to provide ² Ø food and ³____water for their inhabitants. One small country may have found ⁴____ solution: Singapore is ⁵____  country which is famous for ⁶____ innovation ⁷____ tiny country has very little space to grow ⁸____  food. But Jack Ng, ⁹____  farmer, has invented ¹⁰____ vertical farm. It only produces a few different kinds of vegetable, but there are plans to expand ¹¹____ vertical farm to include ¹²____ more plants.

4. Read the sentences and cross out the article if it isn't necessary.

(Đọc các câu và gạch bỏ mạo từ nếu nó không cần thiết.)

1. The poverty doesn't exist in big cities.

2. The cheapest form of public transport is the bus.

3. The food is mainly sold in big supermarkets.

4. The education and the healthcare are free.

5. The capital city is located in the north.

6. The pollution is only a problem in major industrial areas.

5. Complete the questions with a, an or the. Then, in pairs, ask and answer the questions.

(Hoàn thành các câu hỏi với a, an hoặc the. Sau đó, theo cặp, hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi.)

1. Do you live in the countryside?

2. Do you know ___ Great Barrier Reef?

3. Which one is bigger, ___ humpback whale or blue whale?

4. ___ eruption like this one can be dangerous and deadly.

5. Do you know the name of ___ longest mountain range in the world?

6. Do you like___ calm sea or___ rough sea?

1. In pairs, read VIỆT NAM TODAY and discuss the questions.

(Theo cặp, đọc VIỆT NAM NGÀY NAY và thảo luận các câu hỏi.)

1. What are your top three environmental worries?

(Ba lo lắng hàng đầu của thanh thiếu niên Việt Nam là gì?)

2. What do you recycle, turn off and do more or less of to protect the environment?

(Bạn tái chế, tắt và làm gì nhiều và ít hơn để bảo vệ môi trường?)

VIET NAM TODAY

Did you know that a majority of Vietnamese people admit that they are worrying about environmental problems in Viêt Nam and they think they should do more to protect the environment?

What are Vietnamese teenagers' top three environmental worries?

• Poor air quality

• Global warming

• Not enough recycling

What do Vietnamese teenagers say they can do?

• Recycle more

• Turn off unnecessary lights

• Spend less time in the shower

2. In pairs, look at the picture of an eco-school. Which features from the box would you expect it to have?

(Theo cặp, nhìn vào bức tranh về một ngôi trường sinh thái. Những đặc điểm nào trong hộp bạn muốn nó có?)

3. Listen to an interview about a project for an eco-school. Which features from Exercise 2 are mentioned?

(Nghe một cuộc phỏng vấn về một dự án cho một trường học sinh thái. Những đặc điểm nào từ Bài tập 2 được đề cập?)

4. Listen again and choose the correct answer, A, B or C.

(Nghe lại và chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B hoặc C.)

1. 'Friends of the Planet' is an after-school club with members from

('Những người bạn của hành tinh' là một câu lạc bộ sau giờ học với các thành viên từ)

A. one school. (một trường.)

B. seven schools. (bảy trường.)

C. six schools. (sáu trường.)

2. The aim's project is

(Mục đích của dự án là)

A. to make environmentally-friendly changes tonschools.

(để thực hiện những thay đổi thân thiện với môi trường trong trường học.)

B. to create a new type of solar panel for schools.

(để tạo ra một loại tấm pin năng lượng mặt trời mới cho các trường học.)

C. to help design a new environmentally-friendly school.

(để giúp thiết kế một ngôi trường mới thân thiện với môi trường.)

3. School dinners will include vegetables from

(Bữa tối ở trường sẽ bao gồm các loại rau từ)

A. a local farm.

(một trang trại địa phương.)

B. the local supermarket.

(siêu thị địa phương.)

C. the school garden.

(vườn trường.)

4. Science and technology lessons will

(Bài học khoa học và công nghệ sẽ)

A. be the same as in other secondary schools.

(giống như ở các trường trung học cơ sở khác.)

B. not focus on climate change.

(không chú trọng đến biến đổi khí hậu.)

C. concentrate a lot on environmental issues.

(tập trung nhiều vào vấn đề môi trường.)

5. The interviewer comments that

(Người phỏng vấn nhận xét rằng)

A. Michael is probably not a typical teenager.

(Michael có lẽ không phải là một thiếu niên điển hình.)

B. Michael is like every other student of his age.

(Michael giống như mọi học sinh khác ở độ tuổi của anh ấy.)

C. Michael likes games and gadgets.

(Michael thích trò chơi và phụ tùng.)

5. Complete the sentences with the correct words in the box.

(Hoàn thành các câu với các từ đúng trong hộp.)

1. Solar panels make buildings look ugly.

2. There aren't enough recycling ______ in my area.

3. Climate ______ doesn't affect my country.

4. More renewable ______ is the only way to stop global

5. Everybody should use low-energy light ______ to save electricity.

6. Our government is not interested in environmental ______.

PRONUNCIATION FOCUS: STRESS IN WORDS WITH THREE OR FOUR SYLLABLES

(TRỌNG TÂM PHÁT ÂM: TRỌNG TÂM TRONG CÁC TỪ CÓ BA HOẶC BỐN ÂM TIẾT)

6. Listen and put the words in the box in the correct group, A, B, C or D, depending on the stress. Listen again and repeat.

(Nghe và xếp các từ trong hộp vào đúng nhóm, A, B, C hoặc D, tùy thuộc vào trọng âm. Nghe lại và lặp lại.)

1. Complete the fun facts with the numbers in the box.

(Hoàn thành các sự kiện thú vị với các con số trong hộp.)

Google: Five fun facts

1. The total number of words on Google's home page must be 28 or fewer.

2. The name Google is based on googol-a mathematical term that means '1 followed by ____ zeros'.

3. In ____, the Oxford English Dictionary added google as a verb. Just google it.

4. Google employs ____ goats to cut the grass at Google headquarters. Much cuter than

lawnmowers!

5. Google employees are allowed to use ____ percent of their working time on their own projects.

2. In pairs, look at reasons why people use Google Earth and Google Maps. Tick (✔) the ones that are true for you.

(Theo cặp, hãy xem lý do tại sao mọi người sử dụng Google Earth và Google Maps. Đánh dấu (✔) vào những câu đúng với bạn.) 

3. Read the article again. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence.

(Đọc lại bài viết. Chọn từ các câu (A-F) câu phù hợp với mỗi chỗ trống. Có một câu thừa.)

A. It can also inform people about environmental issues such as deforestation, endangered species and climate change.

(Nó cũng có thể thông báo cho mọi người về các vấn đề môi trường như phá rừng, các loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng và biến đổi khí hậu.)

B. He understood that deforestation was destroying plants and wildlife and causing global warming.

(Anh ấy hiểu rằng nạn phá rừng đang hủy hoại thực vật và động vật hoang dã và gây ra sự nóng lên toàn cầu.)

C. Now anybody can 'visit' anywhere on Earth- places you never imagined visiting, such as Antarctica and the Sahara Desert.

(Giờ đây, bất kỳ ai cũng có thể 'ghé thăm' bất kỳ nơi nào trên Trái Đất - những nơi mà bạn chưa bao giờ tưởng tượng sẽ đến thăm, chẳng hạn như Nam Cực và sa mạc Sahara.)

D. For five years the Surui tribe and Google worked as a team.

(Trong 5 năm, bộ lạc Surui và Google làm việc theo nhóm.)

E. Illegal logging is big business in Brazil and the wood is exported all over the world.

(Khai thác trái phép là ngành kinh doanh lớn ở Brazil và gỗ được xuất khẩu khắp thế giới.)

F. Without the forest, the Surui community would not survive and they knew they had to take action.

(Không có rừng, cộng đồng Surui sẽ không thể tồn tại và họ biết rằng họ phải hành động.)

GOOGLE EARTH AND THE AMAZONIAN TRIBE

When Google Earth was set up in 2005, satellite technology changed forever the way we see the world and we all became global tourists. ¹_____ All you need for your virtual world trip is a computer and an Internet connection.

But Google Earth is not just a fun way to explore the world. ²_____ When Google Earth first appeared, nobody could have imagined that an Amazonian tribe would use this tool to help them protect their environment and their culture.

The Surui tribe live in the middle of the Amazon rainforest of Brazil. They had not had any contact with the outside world until 1969. Then illegal loggers started to invade their land and destroy the forest. ³_____ So they elected Chief Almir as one of the leaders of the tribe.

Chief Almir first came across Google Earth on a visit to an Internet café. He immediately realised that he could use the interactive maps to tell people about the illegal logging that was destroying his people's environment.

The tribal chief wanted to show the effects of deforestation, not only on his local community, but on a global scale too. ⁴_____ He contacted Google and then travelled from the Amazon rainforest to Google headquarters in California and told them his story. They discussed ways of working together.

Google sent trainers to teach Surui teenagers how to use mobile phones to create YouTube videos and then upload them to Google Earth to share their way of life with people around the world. ⁵_____ They combined modern technology with the tribe's traditional knowledge of the rainforest. Rebecca Moore, Google employee, said that the Surui people and Google had worked together to bring the story of the forest to the global community.

4. Complete the statements about the article with the words in the box. Then decide if they are true (T) or false (F).

(Hoàn thành các mệnh đề về bài viết với các từ trong hộp. Sau đó quyết định xem chúng đúng (T) hay sai (F).)

1. Google Earth is possible because of satellite technology.

2. To use Google Earth, you need an Internet ______.

3. Teachers sometimes use Google Earth to ______ lessons alive.

4. The Surui tribe had regular contact with the ______ world before 1969.

5. Chief Almir wanted to ______ awareness of his tribe's problems.

6. Chief Almir didn't know how the______  maps on Google Earth could help him.

7. Deforestation affects the ______ community as well as Amazonian tribes.

8. You can't learn about the Surui ______ of life on the Internet.

5. In pairs, discuss: What can you use Google Earth for? Share with the class.

(Thảo luận theo cặp: Bạn có thể sử dụng Google Earth để làm gì? Chia sẻ với cả lớp.)

A: What can we use Google Earth for?

(Chúng ta có thể sử dụng Google Earth để làm gì?)

B: I think we can use it to track deforestation.

(Tôi nghĩ chúng ta có thể sử dụng nó để theo dõi nạn phá rừng.)

1. Read Story A. What do you know about the Sarus Crane in Việt Nam?

(Read Story A. Bạn biết gì về sếu đầu đỏ ở Việt Nam?)

A THE SARUS CRANE

Việt Nam's lush green nature is home to many exotic species. Some of these animals are on the brink of extinction. Some endangered species in Việt Nam include Saola, Black Gibbon, Sarus Crane, Indochinese Tiger and Gaur. The Sarus Crane, which is the tallest species of flying birds on Earth, often flock to Tràm Chim National Park in Đồng Tháp between January and April. They live in shallow water and wetlands, where they can feed on aquatic plants, insects, frogs and other small creatures. This species and other birds live in the 7,300-hectare of Tràm Chim National Park, which is strictly protected from illegal hunting.

2. Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS. Then cross out the non-defining relative clauses in blue in story A. Does it make sense without them?

(Đọc TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP. Sau đó gạch bỏ các mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định bằng màu xanh lam trong câu chuyện A. Liệu nó có ý nghĩa nếu không có chúng không?)

3. Complete story B with relative clauses a-f. Then listen and check. How did the gorilla save the boy's life?

(Hoàn thành câu chuyện B với mệnh đề quan hệ a-f. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra. Con khỉ đột đã cứu sống cậu bé như thế nào?)

a. whose baby was still in her arms

(đứa trẻ vẫn còn trong vòng tay của cô ấy)

b. which was called Binti Jua

(cái mà được gọi là Binti Jua)

c. who is now twenty-one years old

(người mà năm nay 21 tuổi)

d. where he made a complete recovery

(nơi mà anh ấy đã hồi phục hoàn toàn)

e. who was unconscious

(người mà bị bất tỉnh)

f. where a female gorilla was feeding her baby

(nơi khỉ đột cái đang cho con bú)

B. THE GORILLA AND THE TODDLER

An American boy.¹ ______ owes his life to a gorilla at Brookfield Zoo. When he was three years old, his family took him to the zoo. He wanted a better view of the gorillas, so he climbed a wall and fell six metres into the gorilla cage, ²______. The gorilla, ³______, went over to the boy, ⁴______ Then, the gorilla, ⁵______  lifted the boy up gently and carried him to the door. The boy spent four days in hospital, ⁶______ Binti Jua is still at Brookfield Zoo near Chicago.

4. Read the extra information from story C. Put these sentences in the right place, using non-defining clause as in the example.

(Đọc thông tin bổ sung từ câu chuyện C. Đặt những câu này vào đúng chỗ, sử dụng mệnh đề không xác định như trong ví dụ.)

1. Todd Endris lived next to the beach.

(Todd Endris sống cạnh bờ biển.)

2. The shark was five metres long.

(Cá mập dài 5m.)

3. Todd's friend was surfing close by.

(Bạn của Todd đang lướt sóng gần đấy.)

4. Todd's right leg was now in the shark's mouth.

(Chân phải của Todd bây giờ đang ở trong miệng cá mập.)

5. Dolphins had been playing in the waves nearby.

(Cá heo đang chơi trong làn sóng ở gần đấy.)

6. Surgeons managed to save his leg.

(Bác sĩ phẫu thuật cố gắng để giữ lại đôi chân của anh ấy.)

C. THE SURFER, THE SHARK AND THE DOLPHINS

It was a perfect day for surfing off the coast of California. Todd Endris, who lived next to the beach, was out on his surfboard. Without warning, something hit him from under the water. Todd knew immediately that it was a shark. He got back on his board, but the shark bit him on the back. Todd's friend saw the huge shark and at first thought it was a whale. Todd was kicking the shark with his free leg and didn't see the dolphins.. Suddenly, the shark let go of his leg. The dolphins had surrounded the injured surfer, and were protecting him from the shark. Three friends helped Todd get back on his board and reach the beach. A helicopter transported him to hospital. Six weeks later, Todd was back in the water.

5. In pairs, ask and answer the following questions:

(Theo cặp, hỏi và trả lời các câu hỏi sau)

1. Do you know any stories about animals helping humans?

(Bạn có biết câu chuyện nào về động vật giúp đỡ con người không?)

2. In what ways can humans protect and help animals?

(Con người có thể bảo vệ và giúp đỡ động vật bằng những cách nào?)

1. Look at the photos and discuss the questions.

(Nhìn vào tranh và thảo luận các câu hỏi).

1. What natural disasters do the photos illustrate?

(Những bức ảnh minh họa những thảm họa thiên nhiên nào?)

2. What other natural disasters can you name?

(Bạn có thể kể tên những thảm họa thiên nhiên nào khác?)

3. Which natural disasters are common in your country?

(Những thiên tai nào phổ biến ở nước bạn?)

4. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? What happened?

(Bạn đã bao giờ trải nghiệm một thiên tai? Chuyện đã xảy ra?)

3. Put the words in the sentences and questions from the programme in the correct order. Then listen again and check.

(Đặt các từ trong câu và câu hỏi từ chương trình theo đúng thứ tự. Sau đó nghe lại và kiểm tra.)

1. are/being criticised/What/for/the public services/?

_______________________________________

2. with / These situations / very difficult/to deal / are

_______________________________________

3. The firefighters/which/ don't know / on/ ones / to focus

_______________________________________

4. Complete the sentences with your own ideas and the phrases in the box to make them true for you. Then compare them with a partner.

(Hoàn thành các câu với ý tưởng của riêng bạn và các cụm từ trong hộp để làm cho chúng đúng với bạn. Sau đó so sánh chúng với một bạn cặp.)

1. Animal welfare is something which I really care about.

2. ______ is somebody who I nearly always __________.

3. __________ is something which I've never __________.

4. __________ is somebody who I always have to __________.

5. __________ is something which I find difficult to __________.

6.__________ is somebody who strange things always __________.

5. Write questions using the verb in brackets. Then ask each other the questions and give your own answers.

(Viết câu hỏi sử dụng động từ trong ngoặc Sau đó đặt câu hỏi cho nhau và đưa ra câu trả lời của riêng bạn.)

1. A: __________ (worry)?

What sort of things do you worry about?

2. A: __________ (listen)?

3. A: __________ (spend money)?

4. A: __________ (want to work)?

5. A: __________(borrow money)?

6. A: __________ (have lunch)?

1. Read the essay about animal testing in medical research and answer the following questions.

(Đọc bài viết về thử nghiệm trên động vật trong nghiên cứu y học và trả lời các câu hỏi sau.)

1. How many arguments for and against the topic does the writer give?

(Tác giả đưa ra bao nhiêu lập luận ủng hộ và phản đối đề tài?)

2. What is your personal opinion on the topic of the essay?

(Ý kiến cá nhân của bạn về chủ đề của bài luận là gì?)

Some people think that animals should be used in medical research to support the development of new medicines. Others believe that it is morally wrong to use them for research.

On the one hand, there are several arguments for animal testing. First of all, proponents think that some degree of pain in mice or rats can be acceptable if it saves human lives. Furthermore, some medicines have unknown negative consequences so they should be tested on animals first. For instance, the new vaccines against Corona virus were tested on mice can reduce the risk prior to any human-based trials.

On the other hand, there are clear ethical arguments against animal testing. Firstly, humans have no right to cause animals any suffering because the lives of all creatures on this planet should be respected. Secondly, with the recent technological developments, scientists should use alternative methods to discover new medicines.

To sum up, personally, I think that a lot of caution needs to be taken in animal tested projects to avoid the unnecessary suffering to animals.

2. Complete the box with the linkers in pink in the essay.

(Hoàn thành hộp với các liên kết màu hồng trong bài luận.)

3. Read the essay again. In which paragraph (1-4) does the writer:

(Đọc bài luận một lần nữa. Trong đoạn văn nào (1-4) người viết)

a. give a personal opinion?

(đưa ra ý kiến cá nhân?)

b. present arguments against the topic?

(trình bày lập luận chống lại chủ đề?)

c. introduce both sides of the issue?

(giới thiệu cả hai mặt của vấn đề?)

d. present arguments for the topic?

(trình bày lập luận cho chủ đề?)

e. make some general or factual comments about the topic?

(đưa ra một số nhận xét chung hoặc thực tế về chủ đề này?)

f. make a statement summarising the main arguments?

(đưa ra một tuyên bố tóm tắt các lập luận chính?)

g. support arguments with examples?

(hỗ trợ lập luận với các ví dụ?)

4. You are going to write an essay on the topic of keeping animals in zoos. Which of these arguments are for (F) and which are against (A) keeping animals in zoos?

(Bạn sẽ viết một bài luận về chủ đề giữ động vật trong sở thú. Lập luận nào ủng hộ (F) và lập luận nào phản đối (A) giữ động vật trong sở thú?)

1. There are opportunities for research.

2. The animals suffer from stress and depression.

3. It is very difficult to recreate the animals' natural environments.

4. Endangered species can be protected.

5. Match arguments 1-4 in Exercise 4 with supporting points a-d.

(Nối các lập luận 1-4 trong Bài tập 4 với các ý hỗ trợ từ a đến d.)

a. For instance, birds kept in zoos can never fly freely like wild birds.

(Ví dụ, những con chim được nuôi trong sở thú không bao giờ có thể bay tự do như những con chim hoang dã.)

b. For example, we have learnt more about genetics from studying zoo animals.

(Ví dụ, chúng ta đã học được nhiều hơn về di truyền học từ nghiên cứu động vật sở thú.)

c. For instance, some species which used to be wild are now only found in zoos.

(Ví dụ, một số loài trước đây sống hoang dã giờ chỉ được tìm thấy trong vườn thú.)

d. For example, some animals become stressed because of contact with zoo visitors.

(Ví dụ, một số động vật trở nên căng thẳng vì tiếp xúc với khách tham quan vườn thú.)

In your English class, you have been talking about keeping animals in zoos. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay. Write your essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.

(Trong lớp học tiếng Anh của bạn, bạn đã nói về việc nuôi động vật trong sở thú. Bây giờ giáo viên của bạn đã yêu cầu bạn viết một bài luận. Viết bài luận của bạn bằng cách sử dụng tất cả các ghi chú và đưa ra lý do cho quan điểm của bạn.)

A Write your essay in 150-180 words. Include the useful language in your writing. Then check your writing, using the checklist below.

(Viết bài luận của bạn trong 150-180 từ. Bao gồm các ngôn ngữ hữu ích trong văn bản của bạn. Sau đó kiểm tra bài viết của bạn, sử dụng danh sách kiểm tra bên dưới.)

1. In pairs, look at three suggested logos for a new eco-school. Which one would you choose? Why?

(Theo cặp, hãy xem xét ba biểu tượng gợi ý cho một trường học sinh thái mới. Bạn chọn cái nào? Tại sao?)

I think logo 1 is the best logo because it's clever and effective.

(Tôi nghĩ biểu tượng đầu tiên là tốt nhất vì nó vừa thông minh và hiệu quả.)

2. Listen to a teacher and two students discussing the three logos. Which logo do they choose and why?

(Lắng nghe một giáo viên và hai học sinh thảo luận về ba logo. Họ chọn logo nào và tại sao?)

3. Listen again and complete the conversation with one word in each gap. Then listen again and check.

(Nghe lại và hoàn thành đoạn hội thoại với một từ trong mỗi chỗ trống. Sau đó nghe lại và kiểm tra.)

T = Teacher (giáo viên)

B = Boy (học sinh nam)           

G = Girl (học sinh nữ)          

T: So, what do you think of these three designs?

B: Personally, I think they're all great. The three logos focus ¹______ the environment.

Logos 2 and 3 are attractive and amusing. But I think the best option would be logo number 1 ²______it has a serious message about learning.

G: I agree, but the ³______ with logo number 1 is that it doesn't mention eco-school. Logo number 2 looks attractive, but it doesn't ⁴______ school or learning. So choose number 3 because it's clever and simple.

B: Personally, I wouldn't ⁶______ for number 3. I'd definitely ⁷______logo number 1 because it’s ______ effective ⁹______ the other two, and the message is clear. The words suggest that we are responsible for the future of the planet.

T: ¹⁰______ of these three logos, I'd choose logo number 3. I ¹¹______ choose the logo ¹²______, because the glasses suggest learning and ¹³______, because I think we need the words eco-school in the logo. So let's go for number 3. I'll call the designer.

4. Imagine that a school wants its students to understand more about environmental problems. Look at the diagram. It shows some things the teachers are thinking about doing. In pairs, follow these steps.

(Hãy tưởng tượng rằng một trường học muốn học sinh của mình hiểu thêm về các vấn đề môi trường. Nhìn vào sơ đồ. Nó cho thấy một số điều mà các giáo viên đang nghĩ về các việc cần làm. Theo cặp, hãy làm theo các bước sau.)

• Talk to each other about whether you think these are good ways to help students understand about

(Trao đổi với nhau xem bạn có nghĩ đây là những cách tốt để giúp học sinh hiểu)

• Decide which of the things it would be best for the school to do.

(Quyết định xem điều gì là tốt nhất cho nhà trường để làm.)

Which of these things would it be best for the school to do?

(Điều nào trong những điều sau là tốt nhất cho nhà trường thực hiện?)

- Organise a talk by a weather expert

(Tổ chức cuộc trò chuyện bởi chuyên gia thời tiết)

- Put up posters in the classrooms

(Đặt các tấm áp phích trong lớp học)

- Visit a recycling plant

(Đến thăm các nhà máy tái chế)

- Take students to a beach clear- up

(Đưa học sinh đến làm sạch bãi biển)

- Watch documentaries in class

(Xem phim tài liệu trong lớp)

VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

1. Match the words in A with the words in B to make Word Friends.

(Ghép các từ trong A với các từ trong B để tạo thành Word Friends.)

2. Complete the sentences with a, an, the or Ø (no article).

(Hoàn thành câu với a, an, the hoặc Ø – không dùng mạo từ.)

1. We were going to start climbing ____ steep mountain when we saw ____ park ranger on ____ horse.

2. In ____ twentieth century, a lot of people moved to ____ cities.

3. In fact, ____ scientists expect ____ major earthquake to hit ____ Los Angeles soon.

4. There was no ____  running water in where my granddad lived as ____ child.

5. Europe isn't ____ largest continent in ____ world.

3. Add the information in brackets to the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.

(Thêm thông tin trong ngoặc vào câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1. Tokyo is a megacity. (It is the capital of Japan.)

(Tokyo là một siêu đô thị. (Nó là thủ đô của Nhật Bản.))

_________________________________________________________

2. My grandparents' cottage is in a great location. (Its windows overlook a mountain range.)

(Ngôi nhà của ông bà tôi ở một vị trí tuyệt vời. (Cửa sổ của nó nhìn ra một dãy núi.))

_________________________________________________________

3. The company operates on a global scale. (It has been accused of illegal logging.)

(Công ty hoạt động trên phạm vi toàn cầu. (Nó đã bị buộc tội khai thác gỗ bất hợp pháp.))

_________________________________________________________

4. The tribal chief wants to raise awareness of the outside world. (He studied in Paris.)

(Tù trưởng bộ lạc muốn nâng cao nhận thức về thế giới bên ngoài. (Anh ấy học ở Paris.))

_________________________________________________________

5. People in Liverpool are concerned about the environment. (Janet opened her shop there.)

(Người dân Liverpool quan tâm đến môi trường. (Janet mở cửa hàng của cô ấy ở đó.))

_________________________________________________________

LANGUAGE IN USE

4. Complete the text with the correct form of the words in brackets.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn với dạng đúng của các từ trong ngoặc.)

THE ENVIRONMENT

People didn't use to worry about the environment much when I was a child. There were no ¹_______ (recycle) bins in my town, so we would put all our litter in one bag and throw it away. The government kept focusing on economic ²_______(grow) so that everyone had a well-paid job, a three-bedroom house and a powerful car.³_______(forest) was just a difficult word to pronounce and we were not aware of the consequences of cutting down the rainforests. We didn't oppose the ⁴_______ (destroy) of wildlife habitats as it was part of progress. It took us many years to realise that we won't be able to survive as a species without having clean ⁵_______(renew) energy sources, like solar power, or without stopping global warming. I hope it is not too late for our planet to make a full ⁶_______(recover) after all the damage we have done to it.

SPEAKING

5. Look at the diagram. It shows different ways to help animals. In pairs, follow these steps.

(Nhìn vào sơ đồ. Nó cho thấy những cách khác nhau để giúp động vật. Theo cặp, hãy làm theo các bước sau.)

• Talk to each other about the advantages and disadvantages of these ways of helping animals.

(Trao đổi với nhau về những thuận lợi và khó khăn của những cách giúp đỡ động vật.)

• Decide which is the best way to help animals. Justify your opinion.

(Quyết định cách tốt nhất để giúp động vật. Biện minh cho ý kiến của bạn.)

1. Complete the forum posts with the given words.

(Hoàn thành các bài viết trên diễn đàn với các từ đã cho.)

Do you go to school in an unusual place or make an unusual journey to get there? If so, tell us about it below.

Julia_D5

I go to an international school on the other side of Tokyo. Tokyo is a huge ¹ city and I have to catch a train, then the underground, then a bus to get to school. It takes nearly two hours and I hate it.

Sonia_16

My family lives on a very small ² _____, so I get a boat every day to get to school. I can't be late because there's only one boat in the morning.

Bret@home

Australia is a huge ³ _____ and my parents own a farm hundreds of kilometres from the nearest big town. There's no secondary school in our little community, so I have all my lessons online.

pinky

I go to school near Cape Town in South Africa and about 20km from my school is the point where two ⁴ _____ meet - the Atlantic and the Indian. I think our school has the most beautiful location in the world.

8ball_16

I go to school in Istanbul, which is famous for being the only city in the world where two ⁵ _____ meet. My school is in Asia, but when I look out of the window, I can see Europe.

hellokaty 14

Everyone has heard of the famous ⁶ _____ in our city, but most people don't know that the city is also called Niagara Falls. In fact, my school is called Niagara Falls High School!

Kid_16

My family lives in Dubai, very close to the ⁷ _____. It hardly ever rains, but we regularly have storms - sand storms! When that happens we have to stay indoors, so it's impossible to get to school.

Yola

My parents own a restaurant high in the ⁸ _____ and I have to get a cable car down to

the town to get to school every day. Sometimes, if it's really windy, I just have to stay

at home ;)

2. Choose the correct option.

(Chọn phương án đúng.)

1 We should start walking back to the car. Look, the tide is coming in / out / up pretty quickly.

2 The United Kingdom is made out / up / in of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

3 Walk slowly across the stream and you won't stir over / in / up too much mud from the bottom.

4 This soup is cold. Let's put it on the camp fire to heat it out / over / up a little.

5 Did dinosaurs really die out / over / up because a giant meteorite hit the planet?

6 We were walking through the forest when we came over / up / across some ancient ruins.

7 The sand on the beach goes on for miles when the tide goes out / in / across all the way.

3. Complete the extracts from travel guides with words from the box below. Make the nouns plural if necessary. There are two extra words.

(Hoàn thành các đoạn trích từ sách hướng dẫn du lịch bằng các từ trong khung bên dưới. Làm cho danh từ ở dạng số nhiều nếu cần thiết. Có hai từ bị thừa.)

You can see thousands of interesting marine plants in the Sargasso Sea. Because of the ¹ _____ currents, they get trapped and cannot escape back into the open waters. It's an incredible sight to see!

A visit to Camber Sands is recommended for lovers of sandy beaches - and during low ² _____ it's possible to walk for miles across the golden flat earth before the sea comes back in.

The ³ _____ island of Bali is the ideal destination for lovers of sandy beaches and surfing - or, in fact, anyone that wants to relax under clear blue skies.

The Carpathians are the second largest mountain ⁴ _____ in Europe and home to brown bears, wolves and the lynx. You'll also find a number of thermal springs there.

The town of Nazare in Portugal has become a popular location for surfers since November 2017. This is when Rodrigo Koxa broke the world record after riding a huge ⁵ _____ with a height of over

24 metres.

If you don't have much time, take a walk along the ⁶ _____ River Thames. It's a great way to see many of London's popular tourist attractions such as Tower Bridge, the London Eye or the Houses of Parliament.

4. Find the word which DOES NOT collocate.

(Tìm từ KHÔNG sắp xếp thứ tự.)

1 mountain peak / ridge / middle

2 desert / remote / alone island

3 high / growing / rising tide

4 dangerous / ocean / high current

5 fast-flowing / slow-moving / easy-going river

6 furious / calm / rough sea

7 tidal / spacious / enormous wave

5. Choose the correct answers A-C.

(Chọn câu trả lời đúng A-C.)

1 I love just lying on my back and floating on the _______ sea close to my beach home.

A calm

B heavy

c rough

2 Many species of animal will die _______ if we don't start protecting them soon.

A up

B down

C out

3 I won't go into that pool. The water's too _______ and you know I can't swim well.

A deep

B wide

c broad

4 The highest point of a mountain is known as the mountain _______.

A range

B ridge

c peak

5 Let's see how far we can walk across the sand when the tide _______ out.

A comes

B goes

C stirs

6 It's dangerous to swim in _______ rivers because the water can carry you away.

A fast-flowing

B slow-moving

C winding

7 I have just _______ across an article about an amazing microscopic organism called a water bear.

A gone

B been

C come

1. Read the text and choose the correct options.

(Đọc đoạn văn và chọn các phương án đúng.)

Visit Poland: Polish weather

Some people say ¹ Ø / the Polish people love talking about ² a / the weather. This is no surprise because Poland is ³ a / an relatively small country, but it has ⁴ a / an interesting and very diverse climate. For example, when ⁵ the / a sun is shining in Silesia, in March, ⁶ the / Ø lakes of Suwałki, are often still covered with ⁷ an / Ø ice. On average, Suwałki is ⁸ the / a coldest place in Poland, where ⁹ the / a local people cope with winter temperatures of minus twenty to minus thirty degrees. So if you meet a Polish person in ¹⁰ a / the lift somewhere and ¹¹ a / the lift gets stuck, now you can say something about Polish weather!

2. Cross out “the” where it's not necessary. One sentence is correct.

(Gạch bỏ “the” ở những chỗ không cần thiết. Có một câu đúng.)

1 The government should spend more on the education and less on the defence.

2 Has Emilia visited the Netherlands and the Germany?

3 In January 2013, only around thirty-nine percent of people in the United States owned the passports.

4 The population of the Estonia is about 1.3 million.

5 The citizens of Germany chose a female Prime Minister, and naturally the Prime Minister has promised to do more for the women of her country.

6 The biggest city in the China is the Shanghai. Around 16 million people live there.

7 The pollution is generally a problem in big cities, but the pollution in this city is worse than in most others.

3. Complete the telephone conversation with a / an, the or Ø.

(Hoàn thành cuộc trò chuyện qua điện thoại với a / an, the hoặc Ø.)

A: Hi, Lisa.

B: Anna! It's you... I mean, hi. It's good to hear from you.

A: Yeah? Are you sure?

B: Of course, sorry. I was busy with something... A: I see. Well, how's life in ¹___ London?

B: Oh pretty good, thanks. It's great studying in ²___ capital city.

A: Are you enjoying the course?

B: Yes. There's a long way to go, but I'm still hoping to be ³___ big, successful lawyer one day.

A: Ha! Well, I'm sure you'll be ⁴___ best. You're very dedicated, after all.

B: Well, er... thanks. I've moved into ⁵___ new flat, actually.

A: Oh cool. What's it like?

B: Well, ⁶___ flat is quite small, but I've got my own.

A: Great! Does that mean I can come and visit?

B: Sure, can't wait to see you again.

A: See you soon!

4. Find and correct the mistakes in the sentences.

(Tìm và sửa lỗi sai trong câu.)

1 We try to provide a food and water for the poorest families. __________

2 For me, Paris is a very special city. It's a city where I was born. __________

3 I'd like to become the journalist and report on our country's problems. __________

4 An economic development is positive, but not if it destroys the environment. ________

5 Pencils will not be allowed in the exam. Please bring the pen. __________

6 Hill that overlooks Barcelona is the best place to view the city. __________

7 Is this an only place to eat around here? __________

1. Read the extract from an interview with a student about a project for an eco-school. Choose the correct options to complete the collocations in bold. Then listen and check.

(Đọc đoạn trích từ cuộc phỏng vấn với một học sinh về dự án trường học sinh thái. Chọn các phương án đúng để hoàn thành các cụm từ in đậm. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra.)

A: First of all, we have solar panels on the roof of the school. [...]

B: And will they ¹ use / provide / have power for the whole school?

A: Yes, that's the idea. It will ² pay / cost / save a lot of money on electricity. [...]

Our eco-school will ³ eat / grow / cook vegetables and we'll use them for school dinners. [...] We'll also have chickens, rabbits and ducks.

B: And will they go into the school dinners too?

A: Ha, ha, no! That would be terrible. They'll be pets and they'll be useful. They'll ⁴ throw away / use / eat the leftovers from the kitchen and the chickens will ⁵ provide / eat / collect eggs.

B: Very good. So what other plans do you have to make the school more environmentally friendly?

A: We'll ⁶ use / buy / make low-energy light bulbs in all the classrooms. We'll also ⁷ clean / have / empty recycling bins in every classroom and in the school grounds.

B: And what about your lessons - will they be different from non-eco-schools?

A: Most of our lessons will be similar to lessons in any secondary school. But in our science lessons, we'll ⁸ focus / think / learn more on environmental issues like climate change and global warming. Then, in our technology lessons, we'll ⁹ consider / learn / study about things like renewable energy and even how to make solar panels.

B: I see. Well, we've almost run out of time. Thank you for talking to us about your project. It's very nice to meet a teenager who is so ¹⁰ confused / concerned / nervous about the environment. [...]

 2. Complete the sentences with collocations from Exercise 1. Change the verb forms if necessary.

(Hoàn thành các câu với các cụm từ từ Bài tập 1. Thay đổi dạng động từ nếu cần thiết.)

1 If you turn down the heating at home, you'll use less energy and ________________

2 If Peter can't finish all the food on his plate, his dad always ________________

3 The wind farm currently ________________ for local houses.

4 The school now ________________ outside the main building, so please separate your rubbish.

5 If you are really ________________, why don't you sell that big car and buy something greener?

6 To save energy, the council will make sure all the street lights in the city ________________

7 Jeremy and Pat ________________, herbs and fruit in their garden.

8 Vote for the Green Party. We promise to ________________ not on defence and industry.

3. Choose the correct answer, A, B or C.

(Chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B hoặc C.)

1 There are recycling _______ in our apartment block, but some people still don't separate plastic and paper.

A bins

B panels

C issues

2 Despite all the evidence, there are still people who don't believe that climate _______ is real.

A warming

B recycling

C change

3 This backpack has small solar _______ on it and you can actually use it to charge your phone.

A panels

B climates

C light bulbs

4 Global_______ is causing the ice caps in both the Arctic and the Antarctic to melt.

A environment

B warming

C change

5 Renewable _______ is the future. We can't continue burning fossil fuels forever.

A energy

B recycling

C low-energy

6 The developing world is facing serious _______ issues such as air pollution and water contamination.

A climate

B change

C environmental

7 The Energy Minister is in trouble after newspapers reported that she does not use low-energy _______ in her own home.

A bins

B light bulbs

C panels

1. Match the words (1-5) to the words (a–e).

(Nối các từ (1-5) với các từ (a–e).)

2. Choose the words in the box to fill in the blank.

(Chọn các từ trong khung để điền vào chỗ trống.)

1 Sahara ______ is one of the driest places in  the world.

2 Polar bear in ______ is on the verge of extinction due to illegal hunting.

 3 The area of ______  worldwide has reduced remarkably in recent years.

4 Another word for logging is ______.

5 Problems related to the environment should be tackled on a ______ scale.

6 Young generation should ______ in protecting the environment to make the world a better place to live in.

3. Which paragraph has the following information?

(Đoạn văn nào có thông tin sau?)

1 ☐ The number of lost forests in Việt Nam in a period of 20 years

2 ☐ The reason for the fact that many animals have been in danger or died out

3 ☐ The number of trees planted by an organization

4 ☐ The reason for deforestation before the year 2000

5 ☐ The percentage of forest cover in a certain time in Việt Nam

6 ☐ A chemical substance that has increased in volume due to the reduction of green trees

A Việt Nam had a difficult history with deforestation. During the 20 years of Việt Nam war, rainforests in Việt Nam were immensely destroyed by Agent Orange and bombs. Millions of hectares of forests across the country were heavily damaged. Therefore, tree-planting activities were initiated and developed by the government and non- governmental organizations in the 1980s.

B However, this attempt has been hindered by the increasing illegal logging. From 2001 to 2021, Việt Nam has lost 3.26 megahectares of forest, which was equivalent to 20% of the total forested area of the country. Although about 45% of Việt Nam used to be covered by forest according to the U.N, this number is decreasing year by year, posing a challenge to the nation.

C Deforestation has seriously affected the ecosystem and the life of Vietnamese people. Due to the illegal logging of primary forests, floods are becoming more devastating, especially for people living in mountainous areas. Summer in Việt Nam is also becoming hotter as trees - the natural cooler, have been widely chopped down and the amount of CO2 emissions therefore has surged significantly. Regarding wildlife, many animals are becoming endangered species or even extinct due to the loss of habitats, which leads to the deterioration of biodiversity.

D To prevent the loss of rainforests in Việt Nam, dedicated volunteers organize regular reforestation events. An example is the organization called PeaceTrees Việt Nam. Throughout years of working, they have planted nearly 45,000 indigenous trees, which is an incredible number. The Vietnamese government has also enacted stricter laws against illegal logging in an attempt to slow down the pace of global warming and climate change.

4. Match the heading with the suitable paragraph. There are two headings that do not go with any paragraphs.

(Nối tiêu đề với đoạn văn phù hợp. Có hai tiêu đề không đi cùng với bất kỳ đoạn văn nào.)

1 The negative influence of deforestation on Vietnamese nature and citizens

2 The history of Vietnamese rainforests

3 The statistics about how illegal logging has affected the size of forests in Việt Nam

4 The history of deforestation in Việt Nam

5 The future prospects of forests in Việt Nam

6 The solutions to the problem of deforestation in Việt Nam

Paragraph A: _______

Paragraph C: _______

Paragraph B: _______

Paragraph D: _______

5. Find words in text that have these meanings.

(Tìm những từ trong văn bản có những ý nghĩa này.)

1 to begin something: _______ (paragraph A)

2 to prevent: _______ (paragraph B)

3 to cut down (trees): _______ (paragraph C)

4 the act of planting trees in empty or spoiled areas: _______ (paragraph D)

6. What will be the suitable title for the reading text

(Tiêu đề phù hợp cho văn bản đọc là gì)

A The danger of deforestation in Việt Nam

B Việt Nam and its forest

C The fact about forests in Việt Nam

D. Deforestation in Việt Nam.

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box and relative pronouns. There are two extra words.

(Hoàn thành câu với các từ trong khung và đại từ quan hệ. Có hai từ bị thừa.)

1 The _____ is a place _____ the sea meets the land.

2 A(n) _____ is a large flightless bird _____ lives in Africa.

3 A(n) _____ is a person _____ travels with and looks after a group of tourists.

4 A(n) _____ is a place _____ cricket, football, rugby and hockey are played.

5 A(n) _____ is jewellery _____ is worn round the wrist.

6 A(n) _____ is a place _____ an ambassador works.

2. Read the text and choose the correct options.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn các phương án đúng.)

Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

The 2011 tsunami in Japan, ¹ which / that hit the Tohoku region on Pacific coast, was caused by a huge undersea earthquake. The earthquake, ² what / which was the most powerful ever to hit Japan, created waves of up to 40.5 metres high and killed over 15,000 people. In Sendai, ³ which / where is the largest city in the region, the waves travelled up to 10 km inland. In Fukushima, ⁴ where / whose Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is located, there was a major nuclear disaster. Naoto Kan, ⁵ who / whose was the Prime Minister at the time, said, 'In the sixty-five years after World War II, this is the toughest crisis for Japan.' The World Bank, ⁶ who / whose goal is to increase development and reduce global poverty, said that cleaning up and rebuilding after the tsunami would cost more than after any other natural disaster in world history.

3. Write sentences with non-defining relative clauses. Use the correct form of be.

(Viết câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. Sử dụng dạng đúng của be.)

1 Australia / sixth largest country in the world / home to a relatively small population

_______________________________________________________

2 Sydney / the famous opera house can be found/not actually the capital of Australia

_______________________________________________________

3 Australian actress Nicole Kidman / films include Moulin Rouge and The Others / actually born in Hawaii

_______________________________________________________

4 Hugh Jackman / known for playing Wolverine in the X-Men films / from Sydney

_______________________________________________________

5 In South Australia, Anna Creek Cattle Station / over 34,000km2 / larger than Belgium

_______________________________________________________

4. Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses for the information in brackets.

(Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ cho thông tin trong ngoặc.)

1 Mount Vesuvius, (it last erupted in 1944), is a popular tourist attraction today.

_______________________________________________________

2 My cousin, (he lives in Manhattan), has an apartment overlooking the city.

My cousin, __________________, has an apartment overlooking the city.

3 Our new car, (we bought it this year), is environmentally friendly.

Our new car, __________________, is environmentally friendly.

4 Poland, (it's in central Europe), has a very diverse climate.

Poland, __________________, has a very diverse climate.

5 Northern Ireland, (it's the smallest country in the UK), has a population of around 2 million.

Northern Ireland, __________________,  has a population of around 2 million.

6 These low-energy light bulbs, (they are supposed to save money), are actually quite expensive.

These low-energy light bulbs, __________________, are actually quite expensive.

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable phrases in the box.

(Điền vào chỗ trống những cụm từ thích hợp trong khung.)

relative clauses

infinitive structures

wh-questions

Prepositions at the end of clauses

• In ¹ _________

Where does Simon come from?

• In ² _________

This is the most serious case of forest fire (which) the firefighters have to deal with.

• In ³ _________

Antarctica is too cold for us to live in.

2. Match the verbs with the suitable prepositions.

(Nối động từ với giới từ thích hợp.)

3. Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs from Exercise 2.

(Điền vào chỗ trống các cụm động từ ở Bài tập 2.)

1 Helping people to recover from natural disasters is the most important mission to _______.

2 There are numerous victims of the earthquake whom the government needs to _______.

3 You both said two completely different things. Who should I _______?

4 I hope that miracles will _______ people who are still in the middle of the storm.

5 I can't stand Louis anymore. He is too noisy for me to _______.

6 It is the immediate rescue from local authority that the people living in flood areas are _______.

4. Order the words to make sentences.

(Sắp xếp các từ để tạo thành câu.)

1 with / The / unexpected situation / deal / of / the storm / extremely hard / to / is/.

2 kind of / What / for / help / After / by the earthquake, / being injured / ask / we/ should/?

3 borrow / from / Whom / do / money / you/?

4 the upcoming typhoon / is / that / It / about / I /worry/.

5 news / of  / listen / What kind / do / often / you/to/?

5. Make questions for the underlined part.

(Đặt câu hỏi cho phần được gạch chân.)

1 Many volunteers cooked free meals for people who lost their houses due to the flood.

___________________________________________

2 The strong winds come from the storm nearby.

___________________________________________

3 The local authority is spending money on providing water for farming after a two- month drought.

___________________________________________

4 Young generation nowadays should pay attention to protecting the wild rain forests.

___________________________________________

5 The police are looking for alive people after the hurricane.

___________________________________________

6. Write a short paragraph (80-100 words) to tell about your experience with a natural disaster. Use at least 2 prepositions at the end of clauses.

(Viết một đoạn văn ngắn (80-100 từ) kể về trải nghiệm của bạn trước thảm họa thiên nhiên. Sử dụng ít nhất 2 giới từ ở cuối mệnh đề.)

1. Read the essay below about animal testing. Label each paragraph.

(Đọc bài luận dưới đây về thử nghiệm trên động vật. Đánh dấu cho mỗi đoạn văn.)

1 __________

Animal testing is a controversial issue. Many people argue that we should conduct medical experiments on animals before applying to humans while the others think that it is unnecessary and unethical to use animals as the objects for testing.

2 __________

On the one hand, there are several arguments for animal testing. First of all, when scientists test medical products such as vaccines on animals that have similar genetic features to humans, they can immediately see the results. For instance, vaccine against dengue virus was tested on mice first before being applied to humans. Moreover, testing medicine on animals is much easier than on humans. In fact, finding volunteers is hard and more expensive than choosing animals model for medical tests.

3 __________

On the other hand, there are still arguments against animal testing. Firstly, risking life of animals is considered an unethical action. Animals are believed by many people to have emotions and feelings like humans. Besides, animal testing is not always accurate and fast. There are more modern ways of testing medicine such as organ-on-chips or computer modelling.

4 __________

In conclusion, animal testing has its own advantages and disadvantages. In my opinion, it depends on the type of medical problem that we choose to carry out tests on animals or not.

2. Underlining linkers in the essay in Exercise 1 and complete the table.

(Gạch chân các từ liên kết trong bài viết ở bài tập 1 và hoàn thành bảng.)

3. Match some of the sentences in Exercise 1 with their correct functions.

(Nối một số câu trong Bài tập 1 với chức năng đúng của chúng.)

1 For instance, vaccine against dengue virus was tested on mice first before being applied to humans. ________

2 Many people argue that we should conduct medical experiments on animals before being applied to humans while the others think that it is unnecessary and unethical to use animals as the objects for testing. ________

3 In my opinion, it depends on the type of medical problem that we choose to carry out tests on animals or not. ________

4 Firstly, risking life of animals is considered an unethical action. ________

5 Moreover, testing medicine on animals is much easier than on humans. ________

a supporting the argument with an example

b presenting an argument against the topic

c introducing both sides of the issue

d presenting an argument for the topic e giving personal opinions.

4. Here is the summarized structure of a typical for and against essay. Complete the note below using the words in the box.

(Đây là cấu trúc tóm tắt của một bài luận ủng hộ và phản đối điển hình. Hoàn thành ghi chú dưới đây bằng cách sử dụng các từ trong khung.)

Introduction

• Begin with general or factual ¹ ________ about the topic

• End with a statement that mention ² ________ of the issues

Body

Argument for:

• Present two or three ³ ________ for the topic

• Include ⁴ ________ to support the arguments

Argument against:

• Write a ⁵ ________ paragraph presenting and supporting arguments against the topic

Conclusion

• Make a ⁶ ________ statement

• Add your ⁷ ________

Note

• Remember to use the ⁸ ________ to make your essay easier to follow

Phương pháp

*Nghĩa của từ vựng

examples (n): ví dụ

similar (adj): tương tự

comments (n): bình luận

both sides (n): cả hai mặt

linkers (n): liên từ nối

summarising (n): tóm tắt

personal opinion (n): ý kiến cá nhân

arguments (n): tranh luận

1.  Label the phrases D for discussing different options or C for choosing one of the options and justifying the choice.

(Đánh dấu các cụm từ với D để thảo luận về các phương án khác nhau hoặc với C để chọn một trong các phương án và giải thích cho lựa chọn đó.)

1 What about this idea? ☐

2 I wouldn't choose the picture showing... because... ☐

3 I'm not so sure. ☐

4 I'd go for picture X because ... ☐

5 Let's start with this one. ☐

6 I completely agree with you. ☐

7 Out of these three pictures, I'd choose picture X because... ☐

2. Read the discussion task and then complete the conversation two students had about it. The first letter of each word is given.

(Đọc nhiệm vụ thảo luận và sau đó hoàn thành cuộc hội thoại của hai học sinh về vấn đề đó. Chữ cái đầu tiên của mỗi từ được đưa ra.)

Here are some things we can do to help the environment.

1 Talk to each other about how useful these things are for helping the environment.

2 Decide which of these things can help most.

v How useful are these things for helping the environment? Which of these things can help most?

- recycling our rubbish

- cycling instead of using cars

- not using plastic bags

- collecting rainwater to water the garden

- switching off lights and gadgets

Tạm dịch

Dưới đây là một số điều chúng ta có thể làm để giúp ích cho môi trường.

1 Hãy nói chuyện với nhau về việc những thứ này hữu ích như thế nào trong việc giúp ích cho môi trường.

2. Quyết định xem điều nào trong số này có thể giúp ích nhiều nhất.

v Những thứ này hữu ích như thế nào trong việc giúp đỡ môi trường? Điều nào trong số này có thể giúp ích nhiều nhất?

 - tái chế rác của chúng ta

- đi xe đạp thay vì sử dụng ô tô

- không sử dụng túi nhựa

- hứng nước mưa để tưới vườn

- tắt đèn và các thiết bị

A: OK. ¹ L____ s____ w____ t____ o____ - recycling our rubbish. I think this is really useful because then we don't throw so much onto landfill sites. ² W____ d____ y____ t____?

B: Yes, ³ y____ r____. It helps the countryside and we can also make new products from the rubbish that we recycle. ⁴ W____ a___ t____ i____ - cycling instead of using cars?

A: I ⁵ t____ t____ i____ a g____ i____. It's also very healthy for people to do.

B: I ⁶ c____ a____ w____ y____. It makes the air much better and we don't use so much petrol.

A: Switching off lights and gadgets. Do you think that's useful?

B: ⁷ l____ n____ s____ s____. I don't think it saves much energy, do you?

A: No, but not using plastic bags is good. They can cause a lot of damage to animals, especially birds.

B: And they last for hundreds of years! We don't collect rainwater, do you?

A: ⁸ T____ p____ w____ t____ i____ is you need a big thing to collect it and some people don't have anywhere to put it!

B: True!

A: So, which of these things can help most? ⁹ P____, Iw____ g____ f____ switching off lights.

B: You're right. ¹⁰ O____ o____ t____ i____. I w____ g____ f____ the recycling. Everyone can do it and it's really useful.

A: I completely agree with you.

3. Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.

(Viết lại câu. Sử dụng các từ trong ngoặc.)

1 The three photographs show different environments.

The three photographs _______________________. (focus)

2 I wouldn't choose poster 2 because it's too shocking.

_______________________ it's too shocking. (reason)

3 Picture 2 isn't as funny as picture 3.

_______________________. (funnier)

4 I think the best option would be picture 2 because it's clear and simple.

_______________________ because it's clear and simple. (choose)

5 I don't like picture 3 because it's too old- fashioned.

_______________________because it's too old-fashioned. (go for)

6 Poster 3 is more interesting than the other posters.

_______________________ (not as... as)

7 The message in poster 2 is not clear.

_______________________ the message is not clear. (problem)

1. Complete the words in the sentences. Some letters are given.

(Hoàn thành các từ trong câu. Một số chữ cái được đưa sẵn.)

1 The best place to eat seafood is in one of the restaurants on the c___t overlooking the sea.

2 The water in the b___y is much calmer than the water in the open sea.

3 With the hills on either side of you, follow the river along the bottom of the v___y until you reach the village.

4 Before you can begin climbing the high mountains, you have to cross the lower f___s on horseback.

5 The c___e in Thailand is tropical, which means it is hot and humid for most of the

year.

6 Residents are being evacuated before the h___e hits the area tomorrow. Winds of up to 120 km per hour are expected.

2. Match the sentence halves. Then complete the missing words. The last two letters of each word are given.

(Nối hai nửa câu. Sau đó hoàn thành các từ còn thiếu. Hai chữ cái cuối cùng của mỗi từ được đưa ra.)

1 Some scientists say renewable

2 Since we started using low-energy

3 Here on the top there are solar

4 Six people are missing in the dense

5 Numbers of this previously endangered

6 Members of the local

a _____ls which provide power for the lights.

b _____es of frog are slowly increasing again.

c _____ty support the development plans.

d _____ht _____bs, we've saved a lot of money.

e _____gy is the best alternative to nuclear power.

f _____st to the north of the village.

3. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in the box. There are two extra verbs.

(Hoàn thành câu với dạng đúng của động từ trong khung. Có hai động từ bị thừa.)

1 I booked a room with a sea view, but my room ________ the car park.

2 This river _____ from here to the Pacific Ocean, which is over 1,000 km away.

3 A volcano _____ in Chile yesterday and sent smoke and ash over 2 km up into the sky.

4 In February 2011, an earthquake _____ Christchurch, New Zealand and killed 185 people.

5 Police are trying to _____ the missing man, who was last seen on Thursday night.

6 Over 10,000 books were _____ when a library caught fire in the city centre last night.

4. Complete the sentences with a / an, the or Ø (no article).

(Hoàn thành câu với a/an, the hoặc Ø (không có mạo từ).)

1 Ladies and gentlemen, we have landed in ______ Madrid.

2 Last night I had ______ strange dream. The dream was about my teacher.

3 When Clara leaves school, she wants to be ______ architect.

4 Kevin has a plan. Actually, ______ plan was Ian's idea, but Kevin told us about it.

5 ______ swimming pool at our school is very old and a bit scary.

6 ______ unemployment in the country has fallen recently.

5. Add who, which, where or whose and commas to form sentences with non-defining relative clauses.

(Thêm who, which, where hoặc whose và dấu phẩy để tạo thành câu có mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1 Katie lives next door looks after lost and injured animals.

________________________________________

2 Stratford-upon-Avon I was brought up is famous as the birthplace of William Shakespeare.

________________________________________

3 Singapore is an island country in South- East Asia is an extremely clean and tidy place.

________________________________________

4 Prince George of Cambridge great grandmother is the Queen of England was born in 2013.

________________________________________

5 Ganesha is a Hindu god has an elephant's head.

________________________________________

6 Penang is an island off the coast of Malaysia is sometimes called 'the Pearl of the Orient'.

________________________________________

6. Read the text and choose the correct answer, A, B or C.

(Đọc đoạn văn và chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B hoặc C.)

Focus on: North Korea

¹______North Korea, ²______is officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, is an unusual and secretive socialist country. The ordinary people of North Korea rarely have any contact with the ³______world because it is impossible for them to travel overseas or access the Internet. The rest of the world knows very little about what life is like in North Korea because it is not part of the wider ⁴______community. Kim Jong-un, ⁵______is currently the supreme leader of North Korea, is the third member of the Kim family to lead the Republic since it was established in 1948. ⁶______capital city is called Pyongyang and is located in the south-west of the country.

1 A Ø

B The

C A

2 A where

B which

C who

3 A inside

B outside

C other

4 A global

B local

C national

5 A which

B whose

C who

6 A Ø

B The

C A