Participle and infinitive clauses.

I can use participle and infinitive clauses correctly.

1. Circle the correct past or present participle form to complete the participle clauses.

(Khoanh tròn dạng phân từ quá khứ hoặc hiện tại đúng để hoàn thành các mệnh đề phân từ.)

1   We stayed in a villa belonged / belonging to my grandparents.

2   These scientists have designed a car powered / powering by solar energy.

3   He jumped from a train travelled / travelling at nearly 100 km/h.

4   The men decorated / decorating our house have made a real mess of the furniture.

5   They spent the night in a traditional Mongolian tent known / knowing as a yurt.

6   The police arrested a man taken / taking photos of the military base.

7   The tourists saw a message written / writing in large, white letters on the cliff.

8   His flat is full of old furniture given / giving to him by his grandfather.

2. Read the GRAMMAR FOCUS. Then cross out the non-defining relative clauses in blue in story A. Does it make sense without them?

(Đọc TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP. Sau đó gạch bỏ các mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định bằng màu xanh lam trong câu chuyện A. Liệu nó có ý nghĩa nếu không có chúng không?)

3. Complete story B with relative clauses a-f. Then listen and check. How did the gorilla save the boy's life?

(Hoàn thành câu chuyện B với mệnh đề quan hệ a-f. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra. Con khỉ đột đã cứu sống cậu bé như thế nào?)

a. whose baby was still in her arms

(đứa trẻ vẫn còn trong vòng tay của cô ấy)

b. which was called Binti Jua

(cái mà được gọi là Binti Jua)

c. who is now twenty-one years old

(người mà năm nay 21 tuổi)

d. where he made a complete recovery

(nơi mà anh ấy đã hồi phục hoàn toàn)

e. who was unconscious

(người mà bị bất tỉnh)

f. where a female gorilla was feeding her baby

(nơi khỉ đột cái đang cho con bú)

B. THE GORILLA AND THE TODDLER

An American boy.¹ ______ owes his life to a gorilla at Brookfield Zoo. When he was three years old, his family took him to the zoo. He wanted a better view of the gorillas, so he climbed a wall and fell six metres into the gorilla cage, ²______. The gorilla, ³______, went over to the boy, ⁴______ Then, the gorilla, ⁵______  lifted the boy up gently and carried him to the door. The boy spent four days in hospital, ⁶______ Binti Jua is still at Brookfield Zoo near Chicago.

4. Read the extra information from story C. Put these sentences in the right place, using non-defining clause as in the example.

(Đọc thông tin bổ sung từ câu chuyện C. Đặt những câu này vào đúng chỗ, sử dụng mệnh đề không xác định như trong ví dụ.)

1. Todd Endris lived next to the beach.

(Todd Endris sống cạnh bờ biển.)

2. The shark was five metres long.

(Cá mập dài 5m.)

3. Todd's friend was surfing close by.

(Bạn của Todd đang lướt sóng gần đấy.)

4. Todd's right leg was now in the shark's mouth.

(Chân phải của Todd bây giờ đang ở trong miệng cá mập.)

5. Dolphins had been playing in the waves nearby.

(Cá heo đang chơi trong làn sóng ở gần đấy.)

6. Surgeons managed to save his leg.

(Bác sĩ phẫu thuật cố gắng để giữ lại đôi chân của anh ấy.)

C. THE SURFER, THE SHARK AND THE DOLPHINS

It was a perfect day for surfing off the coast of California. Todd Endris, who lived next to the beach, was out on his surfboard. Without warning, something hit him from under the water. Todd knew immediately that it was a shark. He got back on his board, but the shark bit him on the back. Todd's friend saw the huge shark and at first thought it was a whale. Todd was kicking the shark with his free leg and didn't see the dolphins.. Suddenly, the shark let go of his leg. The dolphins had surrounded the injured surfer, and were protecting him from the shark. Three friends helped Todd get back on his board and reach the beach. A helicopter transported him to hospital. Six weeks later, Todd was back in the water.

3. Add the information in brackets to the sentences using non-defining relative clauses.

(Thêm thông tin trong ngoặc vào câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1. Tokyo is a megacity. (It is the capital of Japan.)

(Tokyo là một siêu đô thị. (Nó là thủ đô của Nhật Bản.))

_________________________________________________________

2. My grandparents' cottage is in a great location. (Its windows overlook a mountain range.)

(Ngôi nhà của ông bà tôi ở một vị trí tuyệt vời. (Cửa sổ của nó nhìn ra một dãy núi.))

_________________________________________________________

3. The company operates on a global scale. (It has been accused of illegal logging.)

(Công ty hoạt động trên phạm vi toàn cầu. (Nó đã bị buộc tội khai thác gỗ bất hợp pháp.))

_________________________________________________________

4. The tribal chief wants to raise awareness of the outside world. (He studied in Paris.)

(Tù trưởng bộ lạc muốn nâng cao nhận thức về thế giới bên ngoài. (Anh ấy học ở Paris.))

_________________________________________________________

5. People in Liverpool are concerned about the environment. (Janet opened her shop there.)

(Người dân Liverpool quan tâm đến môi trường. (Janet mở cửa hàng của cô ấy ở đó.))

_________________________________________________________

3. Study the GRAMMAR FOCUS and choose the best option.

(Nghiên cứu TRỌNG TÂM NGỮ PHÁP và chọn phương án tốt nhất.)

1. Visitors _______ to Việt Nam should know what types of clothes to take with them.

a. flying

b. flew

c. who have flown

d. are flying

2. We went to Huế _______ the Citadel and the Royal Tombs.

a. which visits

b. to visit

c. that visits

d. visiting

3. All of the tourist guides _______ at the monument can speak at least two languages.

a. wing

b. to work

c. are working

d. work

4. Tourists _______ pictures from the top of the mountain find it best to do so at sunrise.

a. taking

b. who are taking

c. to take

d. have taken

5. The Perfume River is a great place and have a nice lunch.

a. which is relaxing

b. relaxed

c. to relax

d. relaxing

4. Rewrite the sentences replacing the relative clauses with participle or to-infinitive clauses.

(Viết lại câu thay thế mệnh đề quan hệ bằng mệnh đề phân từ hoặc nguyên thể có to.)

1. My mum is usually the first person in my family who takes photos at national parks.

(Mẹ tôi thường là người đầu tiên trong gia đình tôi chụp ảnh tại các công viên quốc gia.)

2. Ha Long Bay is going to be the next place which we will visit.

(Vịnh Hạ Long sẽ là địa điểm tiếp theo mà chúng tôi sẽ đến thăm.)

3. Tourists who want to visit a historical site should see the royal palace, but those who are interested in shopping should go to the local market.

(Khách du lịch muốn tham quan di tích lịch sử nên đến cung điện hoàng gia, nhưng những người thích mua sắm nên đến chợ địa phương.)

4. The tour guide who is helping the elderly lady has been with this group since yesterday.

(Hướng dẫn viên du lịch đang giúp đỡ bà cụ đã ở cùng nhóm này từ hôm qua.)

5. The exhibit at the National Museum is the best place where you can learn about Vietnamese history.

(Triển lãm tại Bảo tàng Quốc gia là nơi tốt nhất để bạn có thể tìm hiểu về lịch sử Việt Nam.)

Photo description

(Mô tả ảnh)

I can describe photos and answer questions.

1. Circle the correct words. If both are correct, circle both. Then find the people in the two photos on this page.

(Khoanh tròn những từ đúng. Nếu cả hai đều đúng, hãy khoanh tròn cả hai. Sau đó tìm những người trong hai bức ảnh trên trang này.)

1 The man in / wearing a baseball cap....

2 The two women in / with ponytails....

3 The girl who is / with sitting on the ground...

4 The woman in / with long trousers....

5 The man in / with his arms folded ...

6 The woman wearing / with a dress...

1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box and relative pronouns. There are two extra words.

(Hoàn thành câu với các từ trong khung và đại từ quan hệ. Có hai từ bị thừa.)

1 The _____ is a place _____ the sea meets the land.

2 A(n) _____ is a large flightless bird _____ lives in Africa.

3 A(n) _____ is a person _____ travels with and looks after a group of tourists.

4 A(n) _____ is a place _____ cricket, football, rugby and hockey are played.

5 A(n) _____ is jewellery _____ is worn round the wrist.

6 A(n) _____ is a place _____ an ambassador works.

2. Read the text and choose the correct options.

(Đọc văn bản và chọn các phương án đúng.)

Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami

The 2011 tsunami in Japan, ¹ which / that hit the Tohoku region on Pacific coast, was caused by a huge undersea earthquake. The earthquake, ² what / which was the most powerful ever to hit Japan, created waves of up to 40.5 metres high and killed over 15,000 people. In Sendai, ³ which / where is the largest city in the region, the waves travelled up to 10 km inland. In Fukushima, ⁴ where / whose Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is located, there was a major nuclear disaster. Naoto Kan, ⁵ who / whose was the Prime Minister at the time, said, 'In the sixty-five years after World War II, this is the toughest crisis for Japan.' The World Bank, ⁶ who / whose goal is to increase development and reduce global poverty, said that cleaning up and rebuilding after the tsunami would cost more than after any other natural disaster in world history.

3. Write sentences with non-defining relative clauses. Use the correct form of be.

(Viết câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định. Sử dụng dạng đúng của be.)

1 Australia / sixth largest country in the world / home to a relatively small population

_______________________________________________________

2 Sydney / the famous opera house can be found/not actually the capital of Australia

_______________________________________________________

3 Australian actress Nicole Kidman / films include Moulin Rouge and The Others / actually born in Hawaii

_______________________________________________________

4 Hugh Jackman / known for playing Wolverine in the X-Men films / from Sydney

_______________________________________________________

5 In South Australia, Anna Creek Cattle Station / over 34,000km2 / larger than Belgium

_______________________________________________________

4. Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses for the information in brackets.

(Viết lại câu sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ cho thông tin trong ngoặc.)

1 Mount Vesuvius, (it last erupted in 1944), is a popular tourist attraction today.

_______________________________________________________

2 My cousin, (he lives in Manhattan), has an apartment overlooking the city.

My cousin, __________________, has an apartment overlooking the city.

3 Our new car, (we bought it this year), is environmentally friendly.

Our new car, __________________, is environmentally friendly.

4 Poland, (it's in central Europe), has a very diverse climate.

Poland, __________________, has a very diverse climate.

5 Northern Ireland, (it's the smallest country in the UK), has a population of around 2 million.

Northern Ireland, __________________,  has a population of around 2 million.

6 These low-energy light bulbs, (they are supposed to save money), are actually quite expensive.

These low-energy light bulbs, __________________, are actually quite expensive.

1. Fill in the blanks with suitable phrases in the box.

(Điền vào chỗ trống những cụm từ thích hợp trong khung.)

relative clauses

infinitive structures

wh-questions

Prepositions at the end of clauses

• In ¹ _________

Where does Simon come from?

• In ² _________

This is the most serious case of forest fire (which) the firefighters have to deal with.

• In ³ _________

Antarctica is too cold for us to live in.

5. Add who, which, where or whose and commas to form sentences with non-defining relative clauses.

(Thêm who, which, where hoặc whose và dấu phẩy để tạo thành câu có mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.)

1 Katie lives next door looks after lost and injured animals.

________________________________________

2 Stratford-upon-Avon I was brought up is famous as the birthplace of William Shakespeare.

________________________________________

3 Singapore is an island country in South- East Asia is an extremely clean and tidy place.

________________________________________

4 Prince George of Cambridge great grandmother is the Queen of England was born in 2013.

________________________________________

5 Ganesha is a Hindu god has an elephant's head.

________________________________________

6 Penang is an island off the coast of Malaysia is sometimes called 'the Pearl of the Orient'.

________________________________________

2. Choose the best option.

(Chọn lựa chọn tốt nhất.)

1 My friends who are studying in China will take a tour to visit the Perfume River.

A My friends studying in China will take a tour to visit the Perfume River.

B My friends who studying in China will take a tour to visit the Perfume River.

C My studying in China friends will be take a tour to visit the Perfume River.

D My studying friends in China will be take a tour to visit the Perfume River.

2 Visitors who fly to Việt Nam should know what types of weather to prepare their clothes.

A Visitors flying to Việt Nam should know what types of weather to prepare their clothes.

B Visitors who flying to Việt Nam should know what types of weather to prepare their clothes.

C Visitors flew to Việt Nam should know what types of weather to prepare their clothes.

D Visitors are flew to Việt Nam should know what types of weather to prepare their clothes.

3 Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary is one of best places where you can learn about Vietnamese history.

A My Son Sanctuary is one of best places to learning about Vietnamese history.

B Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary is one of best places of learning about Vietnamese history.

C Mỹ Sơn Sanctuary is one of best places to learn about Vietnamese history

D Mỹ Son Sanctuary is one of best places of learn about Vietnamese history.

4 Việt Nam is an ideal travel destination that attracts many foreign visitors.

A Việt Nam is an ideal travel destination that attract many foreign visitors.

B Việt Nam is an ideal travel destination to attracts many foreign visitors.

C Việt Nam is an ideal travel destination attracts many foreign visitors.

D Việt Nam is an ideal travel destination attracting many foreign visitors.

5 Đà Nẵng, which is famous for its seafood, is a livable city.

A Đà Nẵng, famous for it's seafood is a livable city.

B Đà Nẵng, famous for its seafood, is a livable city.

C Đà Nẵng is famous for its seafood is a livable city.

D Đà Nẵng which famous for its seafood is a livable city.

2. Underline one participle clause in each sentence. Then write it as a full relative clause (defining or non-defining).

(Gạch dưới một mệnh đề phân từ trong mỗi câu. Sau đó viết nó dưới dạng mệnh đề quan hệ đầy đủ (xác định hoặc không xác định).)

1   I bought a copy of Twilight signed by the author.

(Tôi đã mua một bản Chạng vạng có chữ ký của tác giả.)

 which had been signed by the author

(cái mà được kí tên bởi tác giả.)

2   I can see three cyclists not wearing helmets.

 __________________________________

3   She keeps getting emails from companies wanting to employ her.

 __________________________________

4   Three paintings stolen from the National Gallery have been found.

 __________________________________

5   Paula still has three books on nineteenth - century literature to read.

 __________________________________

6   His autobiography, published in 1931, was called Far From Home.

 __________________________________

7   I asked some girls standing outside the hotel to take a photo of us.

     __________________________________

8   We remind passengers that any luggage left on the platform will be destroyed.

__________________________________

3. Complete the text with participle clauses with the same meaning as the clauses in brackets.

(Hoàn thành đoạn văn bằng các mệnh đề phân từ có nghĩa tương tự như mệnh đề trong ngoặc.)

The largest man-made object in space is the International Space Station (ISS), ¹_________ (which was built) by the European Space Agency and the space agencies of America, Canada, Japan and Russia. These five agencies, ²_________ (who worked) together for many years, launched the ISS in 1998. Since then, they have all been sending astronauts, ³_________ (who have been trained) to carry out important scientific work, to the space station. Chris Hadfield, ⁴_________ (who was chosen) as one of Canada’s astronauts, became well known for uploading photos ⁵_________ (which had been taken) in space to his social networking pages. He also recorded videos, ⁶_________ (which included) his won performance of the song Space Oddity, ⁷_________ (which was written) by pop star David Bowie. The video, ⁸_________ (which has been watched) by about 25 million people so far, made Chris Hadfield even more famous.

4. Combine the two sentences using a participle clause. Sometimes you need to add the clause in the middle of the sentence.

(Kết hợp hai câu bằng cách sử dụng mệnh đề phân từ. Đôi khi bạn cần thêm mệnh đề vào giữa câu.)

1   We visited a palace. The palace was built 400 years ago.

(Chúng tôi đến thăm một cung điện. Cung điện được xây dựng cách đây 400 năm.)

      We visited a palace built 400 years ago.

(Chúng tôi đến thăm một cung điện được xây dựng cách đây 400 năm.)

2   Astronauts get homesick. They spend weeks in space.

     __________________________________________

3   I lost a watch. It belonged to my cousin.

     __________________________________________

4    The scientists designed a device. It can help to detect things undersea.

     __________________________________________

5   The debates will help voters to decide. They will be shown live on TV.

     __________________________________________

6   He gave me a small box. It contained a key.

     __________________________________________

Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

Do you know the woman ______ lives next door?