1. Read the text and tick (✓) the correct project in the table.

(Đọc văn bản và đánh dấu (✓) vào dự án đúng trong bảng.)

PROTECTING ECOSYSTEMS - IDEAS FROM AROUND THE WORLD

The healthier our ecosystems are, the healthier our planet and its people become. Ecosystem restoration can help end poverty, fight climate change, and prevent loss of flora and fauna on every continent and in every ocean. Below are two examples of successful ecological projects.

The Great Green Wall

The goal of this project is to create the largest living structure on the planet. The plan is to restore 100 million hectares of damaged land, limit the amount of carbon dioxide and create 10 million green jobs in Africa. This will provide rich land, food security, and improve the region’s ability to deal with climate change. Since its launch in 2007, Ethiopia and Nigeria have restored millions of hectares of land, and Senegal has planted more than 10 million trees.

Belize Barrier Reef

The Belize Barrier Reef was once described as the most amazing reef in the West Indies. It is home to a large diversity of plants and animals. Itis Belize’s top tourist destination, popular for scuba diving and snorkelling, and a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site. Between 2009 and 2018, it was declared endangered because of pollution and the destruction of its ecosystems. However, because of conservation efforts, a large part of the reef is now protected. There are seven marine reserves. Belize has also stopped oil drilling near the Barrier Reef, banned plastic products, and created ‘no-take zones’, where removing plants and animals is not allowed. 

	The Great Green Wall	Belize Barrier Reef
1. It is a marine ecosystem of rich biodiversity.
2. Its aim is to build the world’s biggest living structure.
3. Millions of trees have been planted in several African countries.
4. The government has taken measures to restore and protect the ecosystem

Ecosystems and humans

(Hệ sinh thái và con người)

1. Listen and read. 

(Nghe và đọc.)

Ms Hoa: Nam, you went to Cuc Phuong National Park last weekend, didn‘t you?

Nam:  Yes, that’s right. It was an amazing trip. This old forest is home to thousands of different kind of plants, insects, and animals. I really liked the colourful butterflies and the thousand-year-old tree.

Ms Hoa: Yes, Cuc Phuong National Park has a very rich ecosystem.

Mai: What's an ecosystem, Ms Hoa?

Ms Hoa: It's a community that has living things, like flora and fauna. Flora refers to plants and fauna refers to animals, including tiny organisms, like bacteria. Ecosystems also include non-living things, like sunlight, air, soil, and water.

Nam:  How important are ecosystems to life on our planet, Ms Hoa?

Ms Hoa: Healthy ecosystems are essential for human health and survival because they provide us with goods such as food, energy, raw materials, clean water, and air.

Mai: So we should protect our ecosystems, shouldn't we?

Ms Hoa: That's right. Unfortunately, many ecosystems around the world are being lost, damaged, or destroyed because of climate change, pollution, and overuse of natural resources. It’s very important to protect and restore them for future generations. We don't want our planet to lose even more biodiversity, do we?

2. Read the conversation again and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).

(Đọc đoạn hội thoại một lần nữa và quyết định xem những câu này là đúng (T) hay sai (F).)

3. Complete the diagram with words in 1.

(Hoàn thành sơ đồ với các từ trong 1.) 

4. Use the words in the box to form compound nouns mentioned in 1. Match them with the meanings below.

(Sử dụng các từ trong hộp để tạo thành các danh từ ghép được đề cập trong phần 1. Nối chúng với các nghĩa bên dưới.)                                

2. Read the article and match the headings (1-4) to the paragraphs (A-D).

(Đọc bài viết và nối các tiêu đề (1-4) với các đoạn văn (A-D).)

1. Flora and fauna (Hệ động thực vật)

2. Best time to visit (Thời gian tốt nhất để ghé thăm)

3. Location (Vị trí)

4. Geography (Địa lý)

A. ____________________

U Minh Thuong National Park is located in An Bien, An Minh, and Vinh Thuan districts of Kien Giang Province, about 60 km south of Rach Gia city centre. This place is considered one of the most important sites for ecosystem conservation in the Mekong River Delta. It attracts tourists not only with its wild and beautiful scenery, but also with its rare and rich biodiversity.

B. ____________________

U Minh Thuong National Park covers a large area of freshwater wetlands, including mangrove forests. Its central part is surrounded by waterways with a series of gates, which are used to manage the water level.

C. ____________________

Home to 226 species of plants, U Minh Thuong National Park is the region with the richest biodiversity in the Mekong River Delta. It used to be one of the largest habitats for water birds in the area, but their home was badly damaged by forest fires in 2002. Now there are about two hundred types of birds in the park, including some unique birds like the great spotted eagle. Thirty-two types of mammals have been found here. Ten of them, including the fishing cat and Sunda pangolin, are on the list of rare and endangered species, native to Viet Nam.

D. ____________________

The ideal time to explore U Minh Thuong National Park is from August to November, known as the floating water season of the region. Tourists can take a boat to experience nature and wildlife. Visitors can go to Trang Doi, a place where thousands of bats gather, hanging on the trees like huge fruits. Another popular place to visit is Trang Chim, a large area with thousands of colourful birds. So if you love nature, you should definitely go to explore this amazing natural park.

3. Read the article again and complete each sentence with no more than THREE words.

(Đọc lại bài viết và hoàn thành mỗi câu với không quá BA từ.)

1. U Minh Thuong National Park is famous for its rare and rich ____________.

2. Waterways surround the ____________ of the national park.

3. It has more than two hundred ____________.

4. You can find nearly 200 types of birds and 32 ____________ there.

5. The best time to visit U Minh Thuong National Park is from _____________.

Cuc Phuong National Park

(Vườn quốc gia Cúc Phương)

1. Read the article. Choose the best heading for each section. There are TWO extra headings.

(Đọc bài viết. Chọn tiêu đề tốt nhất cho mỗi phần. Có HAI tiêu đề bị thừa.)

1. A popular tourist destination

(Địa điểm du lịch nổi tiếng)

2. A rich ecosystem

(Hệ sinh thái phong phú)

3. Environmental problems

(Vấn đề môi trường)

4. Illegal hunting and logging

(Săn bắt và khai thác gỗ trái phép)

5. Solutions to the problems

(Giải pháp cho các vấn đề)

A. __________________________

As the oldest national park in Viet Nam, Cuc Phuong is a natural habitat of many rare animals and plants in Asia. It is estimated that over 2,000 plant species and thousands of species of animals live in the 22,000-hectare ecosystem. The park also has the largest variety of birds in northern Viet Nam with more than 3,000 bird species.

B. __________________________

The rich ecosystem of Cuc Phuong attracts many nature lovers from all over the world. The park is very popular from April to May, when visitors have a chance to see more than 400 species of colourful butterflies in the forest. That’s why it has won the award of Asia’s Leading National Park several times.

C. __________________________

Despite the government's effort to protect Cuc Phuong, several problems have been reported. Small parts of the park have been destroyed as people have cut down old trees without permission. In addition, rare animals were hunted illegally, some of which were fortunately rescued and returned to the forest. There are still irresponsible tourists who drop litter on the trails, which pollutes the water and soil. These actions can damage the ecosystem of the park. Therefore, tougher measures should be taken to protect the biodiversity of the area.

2. Read the article again. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write A, B, or C.

(Đọc lại bài viết. Đoạn nào chứa thông tin sau? Viết A, B, hoặc C.)

1. The popularity of Cuc Phuong among tourists

2. The diversity of the ecosystem

3. The impact of tourism on the area

4. Winning an award

5. More work to be done to preserve the park

a. Read the email very quickly. Which three countries did Sarah mention in her email?

(Đọc email rất nhanh. Sarah đã đề cập đến ba quốc gia nào trong email của mình?)

New message

To: rob.brown42@mail.com

Subject: Iceland vacation

Hi Rob.

How are things in Australia? I hope you're making new friends and enjoying your new school. Do you miss anything from the USA? Let me know and I'll mail it to you.

My family and I went on a vacation to Iceland last week. It was amazing! I didn't even want to go at first because I hate the cold. But then my dad showed me pictures of the volcanoes and glaciers, and they looked so cool.

Iceland is a beautiful country. The grasslands and mountains make it feel so peaceful. Even though it was too cold to go swimming at the beach, there are some really nice views where the mountains meet the sea. We even got to see the Northern Lights. They were incredible! Normally you can only see them late at night, so we left the hotel around 10 p.m. My whole family stayed up all night, and then we went whale watching in the morning and glacier hiking in the afternoon. That was my favorite a day.

The day after that wasn't so great because it was freezing outside. I only brought one jacket, so we stayed at the hotel all day. We had some more sunshine the next day though and rented a car to hike some glaciers on the west side of the island. Hiking and seeing nature weren't the only activities we did. On the last day, we took baths in natural hot springs. That was so relaxing after all the adventures.

Have you seen much of Australia yet? You better send me pictures when you visit the coral reefs.

Keep in touch

Sarah

b. Now, read and answer the questions.

(Bây giờ, hãy đọc và trả lời các câu hỏi.)

1. Where did Rob use to live?

(Rob từng sống ở đâu?)

_________________________________________

2. Why wasn't Sarah interested in visiting Iceland?

(Tại sao Sarah không thích đến thăm Iceland?)

_________________________________________

3. When can people normally see the Northern Lights?

(Khi nào mọi người thường có thể nhìn thấy Cực quang?)

_________________________________________

4. Why did Sarah's family hang out at the hotel one day?

(Tại sao một hôm gia đình Sarah lại đi chơi ở khách sạn?)

_________________________________________

5. How did Sarah's family spend the final day of the trip?

(Gia đình Sarah trải qua ngày cuối cùng của chuyến đi như thế nào?)

_________________________________________

c. Listen and read.

(Nghe và đọc.)

New message

To: rob.brown42@mail.com

Subject: Iceland vacation

Hi Rob.

How are things in Australia? I hope you're making new friends and enjoying your new school. Do you miss anything from the USA? Let me know and I'll mail it to you.

My family and I went on a vacation to Iceland last week. It was amazing! I didn't even want to go at first because I hate the cold. But then my dad showed me pictures of the volcanoes and glaciers, and they looked so cool.

Iceland is a beautiful country. The grasslands and mountains make it feel so peaceful. Even though it was too cold to go swimming at the beach, there are some really nice views where the mountains meet the sea. We even got to see the Northern Lights. They were incredible! Normally you can only see them late at night, so we left the hotel around 10 p.m. My whole family stayed up all night, and then we went whale watching in the morning and glacier hiking in the afternoon. That was my favorite day.

The day after that wasn't so great because it was freezing outside. I only brought one jacket, so we stayed at the hotel all day. We had some more sunshine the next day though and rented a car to hike some glaciers on the west side of the island. Hiking and seeing nature weren't the only activities we did. On the last day, we took baths in natural hot springs. That was so relaxing after all the adventures.

Have you seen much of Australia yet? You better send me pictures when you visit the coral reefs.

Keep in touch

Sarah

Tạm dịch:

Tin nhắn mới

Tới: rob.brown42@mail.com

Chủ đề: Kỳ nghỉ ở Iceland

Chào Rob.

Mọi thứ ở Úc thế nào? Tôi hy vọng bạn đang kết bạn mới và tận hưởng ngôi trường mới của bạn. Bạn có bỏ lỡ bất cứ điều gì từ Hoa Kỳ? Hãy cho tôi biết và tôi sẽ gửi nó cho bạn.

Gia đình tôi và tôi đã đi nghỉ ở Iceland vào tuần trước. Thật là tuyệt! Lúc đầu tôi thậm chí không muốn đi vì tôi ghét cái lạnh. Nhưng sau đó bố tôi cho tôi xem những bức ảnh về núi lửa và sông băng, và chúng trông thật tuyệt.

Iceland là một đất nước xinh đẹp. Các đồng cỏ và núi làm cho nó cảm thấy rất yên bình. Mặc dù trời quá lạnh để đi bơi ở bãi biển, nhưng có một số khung cảnh thực sự đẹp, nơi những ngọn núi gặp biển. Chúng tôi thậm chí đã được nhìn thấy Đèn phía Bắc. Chúng thật tuyệt vời! Thông thường bạn chỉ có thể nhìn thấy họ vào đêm khuya, vì vậy chúng tôi rời khách sạn vào khoảng 10 giờ tối. Cả gia đình tôi thức cả đêm, sau đó chúng tôi đi xem cá voi vào buổi chiều và đi bộ đường dài trên sông băng. Đó là ngày điện tử yêu thích của tôi.

Ngày hôm sau không tuyệt lắm vì bên ngoài trời lạnh cóng. Tôi chỉ mang theo một chiếc áo khoác, vì vậy chúng tôi ở khách sạn cả ngày. Tuy nhiên, chúng tôi đã có nhiều ánh nắng hơn vào ngày hôm sau và thuê một chiếc ô tô để đi bộ trên một số sông băng ở phía tây của hòn đảo. Đi bộ đường dài và ngắm nhìn thiên nhiên không phải là hoạt động duy nhất chúng tôi làm. Vào ngày cuối cùng, chúng tôi tắm trong suối nước nóng tự nhiên. Điều đó thật thư giãn sau tất cả những cuộc phiêu lưu.

Bạn đã thấy nhiều nước Úc chưa? Bạn nên gửi cho tôi hình ảnh khi bạn đến thăm các rạn san hô.

Giữ liên lạc nhé

Sarah

a. Read Melissa's essay about illegal hunting. Which problem does she think is worse?

(Đọc bài luận của Melissa về săn bắn trái phép. Cô ấy nghĩ vấn đề nào tồi tệ hơn?)

1. The first problem (Vấn đề đầu tiên)

2. The second problem (Vấn đề thứ hai)

3. Doesn't say (Không nói)

Illegal hunting is one of the main environmental issues in the world today. This essay will explain some problems with it and give some possible solutions.

One problem caused by illegal hunting is that it can make some animals go extinct. Many rare animals are hunted and sold for their fur, skin, or meat, or as pets. The Tasmanian tiger, passenger pigeon, and dodo are just a few examples of animals we hunted to extinction. Some animals now have very small populations, and they might go extinct if we don't stop illegal hunting. The government should make people pay fines for hunting rare animals. The fines should be really high to deter people from illegal hunting. The government should also make people aware of the fines with signs and commercials on TV.

Another problem caused by illegal hunting is that it can cause damage to coral reefs. Some fishermen break coral to try to catch rare fish. Breaking coral does harm to the ecosystem of the ocean because coral reefs are the homes for thousands of species of fish and other animals. Countries have to teach people not to hunt rare fish or destroy coral. Teaching people not to hunt rare fish will protect coral reefs.

To conclude, illegal hunting can cause animals to go extinct. It can also cause damage to the environment. These problems can be solved with action from governments and people. Making people pay lots of money for hunting and teaching people not to hunt rare animals will help save the environment.

b. Now, read and fill in the blanks.

(Bây giờ, hãy đọc và điền vào chỗ trống.)

1. A lot of endangered species are hunted and _________.

2. Animals that are rare can easily go __________ if people hunt them.

3. Damaging ___________ has a negative effect on the ocean's ecosystem.

4. Illegal hunting will be reduced if we __________ people not to hunt rare fish.

c. Listen and read.

(Nghe và đọc.)

Illegal hunting is one of the main environmental issues in the world today. This essay will explain some problems with it and give some possible solutions.

One problem caused by illegal hunting is that it can make some animals go extinct. Many rare animals are hunted and sold for their fur, skin, or meat, or as pets. The Tasmanian tiger, passenger pigeon, and dodo are just a few examples of animals we hunted to extinction. Some animals now have very small populations, and they might go extinct if we don't stop illegal hunting. The government should make people pay fines for hunting rare animals. The fines should be really high to deter people from illegal hunting. The government should also make people aware of the fines with signs and commercials on TV.

Another problem caused by illegal hunting is that it can cause damage to coral reefs. Some fishermen break coral to try to catch rare fish. Breaking coral does harm to the ecosystem of the ocean because coral reefs are the homes for thousands of species of fish and other animals. Countries have to teach people not to hunt rare fish or destroy coral. Teaching people not to hunt rare fish will protect coral reefs.

To conclude, illegal hunting can cause animals to go extinct. It can also cause damage to the environment. These problems can be solved with action from governments and people. Making people pay lots of money for hunting and teaching people not to hunt rare animals will help save the environment.

Tạm dịch:

Săn bắn bất hợp pháp là một trong những vấn đề môi trường chính trên thế giới hiện nay. Bài tiểu luận này sẽ giải thích một số vấn đề với nó và đưa ra một số giải pháp khả thi.

Một vấn đề do săn bắn trái phép gây ra là nó có thể khiến một số loài động vật bị tuyệt chủng. Nhiều loài động vật quý hiếm bị săn bắt và bán để lấy lông, da, thịt hoặc làm thú cưng. Hổ Tasmania, chim bồ câu chở khách và chim dodo chỉ là một vài ví dụ về các loài động vật mà chúng ta đã săn lùng đến tuyệt chủng. Một số loài động vật hiện có quần thể rất nhỏ và chúng có thể bị tuyệt chủng nếu chúng ta không ngừng săn bắn trái phép. Chính phủ nên bắt mọi người trả tiền phạt cho việc săn bắt động vật quý hiếm. Các khoản tiền phạt phải thực sự cao để ngăn chặn mọi người săn bắn trái phép. Chính phủ cũng nên làm cho mọi người nhận thức được tiền phạt với các dấu hiệu và quảng cáo trên TV.

Một vấn đề khác do săn bắn trái phép gây ra là nó có thể gây ra thiệt hại cho các rạn san hô. Một số ngư dân phá san hô để cố bắt cá quý hiếm. Phá vỡ san hô gây hại cho hệ sinh thái của đại dương vì các rạn san hô là nơi trú ngụ của hàng nghìn loài cá và các loài động vật khác. Các quốc gia phải dạy người dân không săn bắt cá quý hiếm hoặc phá hủy san hô. Dạy mọi người không săn bắt cá quý hiếm sẽ bảo vệ các rạn san hô.

Tóm lại, săn bắt trái phép có thể khiến động vật bị tuyệt chủng. Nó cũng có thể gây thiệt hại cho môi trường. Những vấn đề này có thể được giải quyết bằng hành động từ chính phủ và người dân. Bắt mọi người trả nhiều tiền cho việc săn bắn và dạy mọi người không săn bắt động vật quý hiếm sẽ giúp bảo vệ môi trường.

Look and read. Choose the correct answer (A, B, or C).

(Nhìn và đọc. Chọn câu trả lời đúng (A, B hoặc C).)

1.

A. Barbara didn’t enjoy sightseeing.

(Barbera không tận hưởng việc ngắm cảnh.)

B. Barbara enjoyed sightseeing more than shopping.

(Barbara thích tham quan hơn mua sắm.)

C. Barbara enjoyed shopping more than sightseeing.

(Barbara thích mua sắm hơn là tham quan.)

2. 

A. Visitors are not allowed to touch the castle walls.

(Du khách không được phép chạm vào các bức tường của lâu đài.)

B. Visitors must not leave any trash on the floor.

(Du khách không được để lại bất kỳ thùng rác nào trên sàn nhà.)

C. Visitors can take pieces of the castle home as souvenirs.

(Du khách có thể mang các mảnh của lâu đài về nhà làm quà lưu niệm.)

3.

A. The animals are still coming into the hotel at night.

(Những con vật vẫn đến khách sạn vào ban đêm.)

B. The animals are always in the hotel.

(Những con vật luôn ở trong khách sạn.)

C. The animals have stopped coming into the hotel.

(Các con vật đã ngừng vào khách sạn.)

4.

A. Students can learn to manage their emotions here.

(Học sinh có thể học cách quản lý cảm xúc của mình tại đây.)

B.Students need money for these workshops.

(Sinh viên cần tiền cho các hội thảo này.)

C. Students can make new friends here.

(Học sinh có thể kết bạn mới tại đây.)

b) Read the essay again. Which paragraph in the essay...

(Đọc lại văn bản. Đoạn nào trong bài…)

1. contains the writer's first suggestion and expected result?

(chứa đề xuất đầu tiên và kết quả mong đợi của tác giả?)

2. summarises the main points?

(tóm tắt những ý chính?)          

3. states the topic?

(nêu lên chủ đề?)

4. contains the writer's second suggestion and expected result?

(chứa đề xuất thứ hai và kết quả mong đợi của tác giả?)

1. Where is the Great Barrier Reef? What problems does it face? Listen/Watch and read to find out.

(Rạn san hô Great Barrier ở đâu? Nó phải đối mặt với những vấn đề gì? Nghe/Xem và đọc để tìm hiểu.)

PROTECTING THE GREAT BARRIER REEF

There is a good reason why it is called 'Great'. The Great Barrier Reef, along the northeast coast of Australia, is the world's largest coral reef system. It is so large that we can even see it from space! With over 348 square kilometres in size, the Great Barrier Reef is one of the most different ecosystems on Earth. It is home to 1,500 species of fish and 4,000 shellfish as well as 30 species of marine animals such as whales, dolphins and sea turtles. The reef contains 400 types of coral and more than 2,500 separate coral reefs.

The Great Barrier Reef is a natural wonder and has been a World Heritage area since 1981 because of its global scientific and environmental importance. Besides its incredible ecosystem, the Great Barrier Reef is an important part of the Earth's natural history and an area of amazing natural beauty. Sadly, though, since 1985, the Great Barrier Reef has lost more than 50% of its coral, mostly because of global warming. As the Earth becomes warmer, ocean water temperatures increase and cause coral bleaching. This is when coral turns white and dies. The world must reduce CO₂ emissions in order to stop the coral from dying. Pollution, tourism and overfishing are also threatening the coral reef.

The good news is that 99% of the reef is now a marine park that protects the coral by controlling tourism, fishing and leisure activities in the park. The park organisation works hard to improve the quality of water, cool the area of the reef and reduce natural threats to the coral.

2. Read the text and decide if each of the statements (1-5) is T (true) or F (false).

(Đọc văn bản và quyết định xem mỗi câu (1-5) là T (đúng) hay F (sai).)

1. Whales are the only marine animals in the Great Barrier Reef.   

2. There are many different corals in the Great Barrier Reef.       

3. There was twice as much coral in the reef in 1985 as there is now. 

4. The main cause of coral bleaching is pollution.                            

5. The Great Barrier Reef has become a protected marine park.   

3. What do the following numbers in the text in Exercise 1 refer to?

(Các số sau trong đoạn văn ở bài tập 1 nói lên điều gì?)

4. Read the statements and find one more reason in the text.

(Đọc các câu phát biểu và tìm thêm một lý do trong văn bản.)

The Great Barrier Reef is a World Heritage area because it...

1. is home to different marine species.

2. is of global scientific and environmental importance.

3. is an incredible ecosystem.

4. is an important part of the Earth's natural history.

5. _________________________________________

Reading

4. Read the text. Complete each sentence with NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS.

(Đọc văn bản. Hoàn thành mỗi câu với KHÔNG QUÁ HAI TỪ.)

ECOTOURISM IN THE RAINFOREST OF CAMBODIA

The Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia is Southeast Asia's largest remaining rainforest. In the mountains, there is a variety of ecosystems such as jungles, waterfalls and swamps. Various rare, endangered animals and plants live in these ecosystems. The mountains are also home to many local tribes.

In the past, tourism, deforestation and hunting threatened the natural forests and the animals in them. This is now changing with the help of an organisation called Wild Life Alliance. The organisation has turned a local village, called Chi Phat, into a tourism community that protects the ecosystems and their animals. Through this new ecotourism, local people can now support themselves without harming the environment. Instead, they have become nature educators that teach tourists about their land. Some villagers work as nature guides while others provide sustainable accommodation, and operate restaurants and various activities. Other locals work as rangers to protect the wildlife and limit where tourists can go.

Tourists can enjoy jungle hiking, mountain biking, traditional boat trips and camping while learning about nature and the local tribes who live in the rainforest. Ecotourism has helped develop the town of Chi Phát, which now has a school, a health clinic, clean water sources and a recycling programme.

With the success of the ecotourism project, the Cambodian government and project organisers hope more local people will get involved and develop ecotourism to more areas in the rainforest. In the end, ecotourism has three goals: to protect the environment, to help the local people, and to create awareness of the Cardamom Mountains as a place worth saving.

1. The Cardamom Mountains is the largest __________ in Southeast Asia.

2. The village of Chi Phat has become a __________ that protects the environment.

3. Some villagers are __________ that control where tourists visit.

4. Chi Phat now has a school and a health clinic thanks to __________.

5. The Cambodian government wants to __________ ecotourism to other places in the rainforest.

1. In pairs, guess the answers to the questions. Then read the text and check your ideas.

(Theo cặp, đoán câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi. Sau đó đọc văn bản và kiểm tra ý tưởng của bạn.)

1. What was the world population in 1900? What is it now? What will it be in 2050?

(Dân số thế giới năm 1900 là bao nhiêu? Bây giờ là bao nhiêu? Nó sẽ bao nhiêu vào năm 2050?)

2. What is the biggest change in where people live?

(Sự thay đổi lớn nhất ở nơi mọi người sống là gì?)

3. What are 'megacities"?

(Siêu đô thị là gì?)

The world's growing problem

A famous scientist said recently that there's a growing problem in the world, and the problem is people there are just too many of us! Because of economic growth, food and health care have improved and people are living longer. During the twentieth century the population of the world grew from 1.65 billion to 6 billion. Today, it is 7 billion and by 2050 it is predicted to reach 9.2 billion.

For the first time in history. more people live in cities than in the countryside. Across the globe, there are 27 megacities- cities with more than 10 million inhabitants and by 2025 the United Nations predicts the total will be 36. Megacities are more common in Asia, particularly in India and China. The biggest megacity is still Tokyo, with a population of 34,500,000.

1. In pairs, read VIỆT NAM TODAY and discuss the questions.

(Theo cặp, đọc VIỆT NAM NGÀY NAY và thảo luận các câu hỏi.)

1. What are your top three environmental worries?

(Ba lo lắng hàng đầu của thanh thiếu niên Việt Nam là gì?)

2. What do you recycle, turn off and do more or less of to protect the environment?

(Bạn tái chế, tắt và làm gì nhiều và ít hơn để bảo vệ môi trường?)

VIET NAM TODAY

Did you know that a majority of Vietnamese people admit that they are worrying about environmental problems in Viêt Nam and they think they should do more to protect the environment?

What are Vietnamese teenagers' top three environmental worries?

• Poor air quality

• Global warming

• Not enough recycling

What do Vietnamese teenagers say they can do?

• Recycle more

• Turn off unnecessary lights

• Spend less time in the shower

3. Read the article again. Choose from the sentences (A-F) the one which fits each gap. There is one extra sentence.

(Đọc lại bài viết. Chọn từ các câu (A-F) câu phù hợp với mỗi chỗ trống. Có một câu thừa.)

A. It can also inform people about environmental issues such as deforestation, endangered species and climate change.

(Nó cũng có thể thông báo cho mọi người về các vấn đề môi trường như phá rừng, các loài có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng và biến đổi khí hậu.)

B. He understood that deforestation was destroying plants and wildlife and causing global warming.

(Anh ấy hiểu rằng nạn phá rừng đang hủy hoại thực vật và động vật hoang dã và gây ra sự nóng lên toàn cầu.)

C. Now anybody can 'visit' anywhere on Earth- places you never imagined visiting, such as Antarctica and the Sahara Desert.

(Giờ đây, bất kỳ ai cũng có thể 'ghé thăm' bất kỳ nơi nào trên Trái Đất - những nơi mà bạn chưa bao giờ tưởng tượng sẽ đến thăm, chẳng hạn như Nam Cực và sa mạc Sahara.)

D. For five years the Surui tribe and Google worked as a team.

(Trong 5 năm, bộ lạc Surui và Google làm việc theo nhóm.)

E. Illegal logging is big business in Brazil and the wood is exported all over the world.

(Khai thác trái phép là ngành kinh doanh lớn ở Brazil và gỗ được xuất khẩu khắp thế giới.)

F. Without the forest, the Surui community would not survive and they knew they had to take action.

(Không có rừng, cộng đồng Surui sẽ không thể tồn tại và họ biết rằng họ phải hành động.)

GOOGLE EARTH AND THE AMAZONIAN TRIBE

When Google Earth was set up in 2005, satellite technology changed forever the way we see the world and we all became global tourists. ¹_____ All you need for your virtual world trip is a computer and an Internet connection.

But Google Earth is not just a fun way to explore the world. ²_____ When Google Earth first appeared, nobody could have imagined that an Amazonian tribe would use this tool to help them protect their environment and their culture.

The Surui tribe live in the middle of the Amazon rainforest of Brazil. They had not had any contact with the outside world until 1969. Then illegal loggers started to invade their land and destroy the forest. ³_____ So they elected Chief Almir as one of the leaders of the tribe.

Chief Almir first came across Google Earth on a visit to an Internet café. He immediately realised that he could use the interactive maps to tell people about the illegal logging that was destroying his people's environment.

The tribal chief wanted to show the effects of deforestation, not only on his local community, but on a global scale too. ⁴_____ He contacted Google and then travelled from the Amazon rainforest to Google headquarters in California and told them his story. They discussed ways of working together.

Google sent trainers to teach Surui teenagers how to use mobile phones to create YouTube videos and then upload them to Google Earth to share their way of life with people around the world. ⁵_____ They combined modern technology with the tribe's traditional knowledge of the rainforest. Rebecca Moore, Google employee, said that the Surui people and Google had worked together to bring the story of the forest to the global community.

4. Complete the statements about the article with the words in the box. Then decide if they are true (T) or false (F).

(Hoàn thành các mệnh đề về bài viết với các từ trong hộp. Sau đó quyết định xem chúng đúng (T) hay sai (F).)

1. Google Earth is possible because of satellite technology.

2. To use Google Earth, you need an Internet ______.

3. Teachers sometimes use Google Earth to ______ lessons alive.

4. The Surui tribe had regular contact with the ______ world before 1969.

5. Chief Almir wanted to ______ awareness of his tribe's problems.

6. Chief Almir didn't know how the______  maps on Google Earth could help him.

7. Deforestation affects the ______ community as well as Amazonian tribes.

8. You can't learn about the Surui ______ of life on the Internet.

1. Read Story A. What do you know about the Sarus Crane in Việt Nam?

(Read Story A. Bạn biết gì về sếu đầu đỏ ở Việt Nam?)

A THE SARUS CRANE

Việt Nam's lush green nature is home to many exotic species. Some of these animals are on the brink of extinction. Some endangered species in Việt Nam include Saola, Black Gibbon, Sarus Crane, Indochinese Tiger and Gaur. The Sarus Crane, which is the tallest species of flying birds on Earth, often flock to Tràm Chim National Park in Đồng Tháp between January and April. They live in shallow water and wetlands, where they can feed on aquatic plants, insects, frogs and other small creatures. This species and other birds live in the 7,300-hectare of Tràm Chim National Park, which is strictly protected from illegal hunting.

In your English class, you have been talking about keeping animals in zoos. Now your teacher has asked you to write an essay. Write your essay using all the notes and give reasons for your point of view.

(Trong lớp học tiếng Anh của bạn, bạn đã nói về việc nuôi động vật trong sở thú. Bây giờ giáo viên của bạn đã yêu cầu bạn viết một bài luận. Viết bài luận của bạn bằng cách sử dụng tất cả các ghi chú và đưa ra lý do cho quan điểm của bạn.)

A Write your essay in 150-180 words. Include the useful language in your writing. Then check your writing, using the checklist below.

(Viết bài luận của bạn trong 150-180 từ. Bao gồm các ngôn ngữ hữu ích trong văn bản của bạn. Sau đó kiểm tra bài viết của bạn, sử dụng danh sách kiểm tra bên dưới.)

3. Read the text. Complete each sentence with NO MORE THAN FOUR WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER.

(Đọc văn bản. Hoàn thành mỗi câu với KHÔNG QUÁ BỐN TỪ VÀ/HOẶC MỘT SỐ.)

1 Bristol is an old city that looks ___________________

2 Bristol became the UK's first European Green Capital in ___________________

3 Fifty-eight buses in Bristol use both electricity and ___________________

4 Bristol's ___________________ cover more than 180 km.

5 People in Bristol are always trying to make their city ___________________

4. Read the text again and answer the questions.

(Đọc văn bản một lần nữa và trả lời các câu hỏi.)

1 How old is Bristol?

_____________________________________

2 How many bus trips do people make in Bristol each year?

_____________________________________

3 Where does the majority of Bristol's renewable energy come from?

_____________________________________

4 What do people in Bristol do with their household waste?

_____________________________________

5 How much of Bristol's land is green space?

_____________________________________

1. Read the essay and put the paragraphs (A-D) in the correct order.

(Đọc bài luận và sắp xếp các đoạn văn (A-D) theo đúng thứ tự.)

How to make our cities greener

A In condusion, we can make our cities greener by reducing air pollution and creating green spaces. This makes them more pleasant to live in and it will also help cut global warming.

B Firstly, we must try to cut down on pollution. For example, we should use electric cars and public transport or bicycles to get around. In this way, we reduce road traffic and car fumes as well as greenhouse gas emissions that cause air pollution.

C Pollution and global warming are serious problems. We can reduce both of them not only at home but also in the cities where we live by making them greener. There are many things we can do.

D Another way to make our cities greener is to make more green spaces. The more parks and trees we have, the more we can reduce the CO2in the air. By planting trees and creating parks, we make the air cleaner and reduce global warming.