4. Combine the two sentences to make compound sentences, using the words from the box.

(Kết hợp hai câu để tạo câu ghép, sử dụng các từ trong hộp.)

or          therefore          so              but        otherwise

1. Phong has to study harder. He may fail the exam.

(Phong phải học chăm chỉ hơn. Anh ấy có thể trượt kỳ thi.)

2. She is very sensitive. Don’t comment on her new hairstyle.

(Cô ấy rất nhạy cảm. Đừng bình luận về kiểu tóc mới của cô ấy.)

3. Mi wants to have more friends. She doesn’t connect well with others.

(Mi muốn có thêm bạn. Cô ấy không kết nối tốt với những người khác.)

4. Students can work in groups. Students can work in pairs.

(Học sinh có thể làm việc theo nhóm. Học sinh có thể làm việc theo cặp.)

5. My friend likes showing off her new things. She often posts pictures on social media.

(Bạn tôi thích khoe những thứ mới của cô ấy. Cô thường đăng ảnh lên mạng xã hội.)

1. Tick (✓) the simple sentences.

(Đánh dấu vào (✓) những câu đơn.)

1. We work together on different projects. 

2. Teens need good friends and tolerant teachers at schools. 

3. She plays chess very well, and she won the first prize last year. 

4. Sports activities at school help me relax. 

5. Teens should learn teamwork, and they should also have communication skills. 

2. Write S for simple sentences and C for compound sentences.

(Viết S cho câu đơn và C cho câu ghép.)

___ 1. Teenagers are often very active and talkative.

___ 2. He often chats with his friends on Facebook Messenger.

___ 3. She is a smart student, and she is an active member of our club.

___ 4. My friends and I joined a sports competition last year.

___ 5. He is a club member, but he never participates in any of the activities.

3. Choose the correct answer A, B, or C.

(Chọn câu trả lời đúng A, B hoặc C.)

1. Parents should give teens some freedom, _____ they should also set limits.

A. for              

B. so               

C. but

2. We don't cheat on exams, ______ it is a wrong thing to do.

A. or               

B. for              

C. and

3. Lan wants to join the school music club; _____  she can't sing or play any instruments.

A. however    

B. otherwise   

C. therefore

4. Schoolwork causes teens a lot of pressure, _____ they also feel pressure from their parents.

A. and            

B. but             

C. or

5. She wanted to prepare for the exam; _____ she turned off her mobile phone.

A. however    

B. otherwise   

C. therefore

5. GAMES. Which group has the most sentences?

(TRÒ CHƠI. Nhóm nào có nhiều câu nhất?)

Work in groups. Each group makes as many compound sentences as possible. The group with the most correct sentences is the winner.

(Làm việc nhóm. Mỗi nhóm tạo càng nhiều câu ghép càng tốt. Nhóm có nhiều câu đúng nhất là nhóm chiến thắng.)

Grammar

3. Use the conjunctions provided to connect the sentences.

(Sử dụng các liên từ được cung cấp để kết nối các câu sau.)

1. Mai is the head of the music club. She knows the members very well. SO

(Mai là trưởng câu lạc bộ âm nhạc. Cô ấy biết các thành viên rất rõ.)

2. Lan wanted to go to the party. She couldn't choose a suitable dress. BUT

(Lan muốn đi dự tiệc. Cô ấy không thể chọn một chiếc váy phù hợp.)

3. Tom felt stressed. He tried to finish his homework. HOWEVER

(Tom cảm thấy căng thẳng. Anh ấy đã cố gắng hoàn thành bài tập về nhà của mình.)

4. He isn’t a member of the chess club. He won't join the chess competition. THEREFORE

(Anh ấy không phải là thành viên của câu lạc bộ cờ vua. Anh ấy sẽ không tham gia cuộc thi cờ vua.)

5. We will have a short holiday. We will feel very stressed. OTHERWISE

(Chúng tôi sẽ có một kỳ nghỉ ngắn ngày. Chúng ta sẽ cảm thấy rất căng thẳng.)

4. Complete the sentences below. Then compare your sentences with your partners’.

(Hoàn thành các câu dưới đây. Sau đó, so sánh các câu của bạn với các đối tác của bạn)

1. Teens need to have good health, so ____________.

2. His parents have high expectations of him, but ____________.

3. Teenagers should develop social skills; otherwise ____________.

4. We sometimes feel lonely and sad; therefore, ____________.

5. He does very well at school; however, ____________.

5. Underline the correct bold word in each sentence.

(Gạch dưới từ in đậm đúng trong mỗi câu.)

1. Minh is interested in painting, so / but yesterday he decided to join the arts and crafts club.

2. Life in the city seems to be more comfortable, otherwise / but I prefer life in the countryside.

3. She tries to focus more on her studies; therefore / otherwise, she won't pass her exams.

4. During harvest time, farmers have to get up earlier, and / so they have to work harder.

5. Parents now have higher expectations of their children; therefore / so, children are under more pressure than before.

a. Read about compound and complex sentences and fill in the blanks.

(Đọc về câu ghép và câu phức và điền vào chỗ trống.)

b. Listen and check your answers. Listen again and repeat.

(Lắng nghe và kiểm tra những câu trả lời của bạn. Nghe lại và lặp lại.)

a. Read the examples and notes above, then tick (✓) the correct sentences or cross (X) and rewrite the incorrect sentences.

(Đọc các ví dụ và ghi chú ở trên, sau đó đánh dấu (✓) vào câu đúng hoặc gạch chéo (X) và viết lại những câu sai.)

1. We should walk to school, so we shouldn't waste water. X

(Chúng ta nên đi bộ đến trường, để mà chúng ta không nên lãng phí nước.)

We should walk to school, and we shouldn't waste water.

(Chúng ta nên đi bộ đến trường, và chúng ta không nên lãng phí nước.)

2. We should take the bus or subway to school so, we can help reduce air pollution.

                                                                                             .

3. We should reuse glass bottles, and we shouldn't waste paper.

                                                                                             .

4. We should recycle plastic and, we shouldn't throw trash into rivers.

                                                                                             .

 5. We should stop giving away plastic bags for free, and we can reduce plastic trash.

                                                                                              .

Simple/Compound sentences

1 Read the sentences. Which are simple (S)? Which are compound (C).

(Đọc các câu. Câu nào là câu đơn (S)? Câu nào là câu phức (C )?)

1 In some countries, you shouldn't put chopsticks upright into your bowl of rice.

2 You can offer some fruit to your host and you should be on time.

3 Touching someone's head is very rude in Thailand.

4 Local customs are important, so you should learn them before your visit to a different country.

5 In Croatia, guests shouldn't be more than 15 minutes late.

2 Combine the sentences using the words in brackets to make compound sentences.

(Kết hợp các câu sử dụng các từ trong ngoặc để tạo câu ghép.)

1 The guests arrived. I greeted them by shaking hands. (and)

The guests arrived and I greeted them by shaking hands.

(Các vị khách đến và tôi chào đón họ bằng cách bắt tay.)

2 I love travelling to new places. I'm visiting the UK this summer. (so)

3 We can say ‘thank you. We can send a thank-you note. (or)

4 She took off her shoes. She came into the house. (and)

5 In Bulgaria, you should greet someone by shaking hands. You shouldn't kiss or hug them. (but)

3 Complete the simple/compound sentences based on the text on page 55. Practise saying them with your partner.

(Hoàn thành các câu đơn/câu ghép dựa trên văn bản ở trang 55. Thực hành nói chúng với bạn của em.)

1 In Việt Nam, you should                  like food or fruit on your visit.

2 Don't cross your arms or                   Viet Nam.

3 Most Vietnamese people greet each other by shaking hands or                 

4 Accepting a gift is polite, so you shouldn't                        

5 You shouldn't place your chopsticks                       

Simple/Compound/Complex sentences

1 Read the sentences and write S (Simple Sentence), C (Compound Sentence) or CP (Complex Sentence).

(Đọc các câu và viết S (Câu đơn), C (Câu ghép) hoặc CP (Câu phức).)

1 The blog is about traditional food and clothing in different countries around the world.

(Blog nói về thực phẩm và quần áo truyền thống ở các quốc gia khác nhau trên thế giới.)

2 They didn't have a ticket for the concert, so they couldn't see the band's performance.

(Họ không có vé cho buổi hòa nhạc, vì vậy họ không thể xem buổi biểu diễn của ban nhạc.)

3 We didn't go to the book fair today because my friends didn't like it.

(Hôm nay chúng tôi không đi hội chợ sách vì bạn của tôi không thích nó.)

4 The people dressed up in costumes and they marched through the streets.

(Mọi người mặc trang phục hóa trang và diễu hành qua các đường phố.)

5 You can see beautiful street performances if you go to the city centre on Friday nights.

(Bạn có thể nhìn thấy những buổi biểu diễn đường phố tuyệt đẹp nếu đến trung tâm thành phố vào tối thứ Sáu.)

2 Choose the correct options.

(Chọn các đáp án đúng.)

1 She passed me the salt,                     I thanked her

A but      B or             C so              D if

2 In the UK, people often shake hands,                       they don't bow their heads.

A but         B or         C if        D when

3 I offered my friend some food                      he looked hungry.

A but       B because

C so         D before

4 John will go to the art exhibitions                he has lunch.

A after                        C although

B because                   D when

5 You shouldn't talk                 you have food in your mouth. It's impolite.

A and                   C when

B after                  D before

3. Study the Grammar box. Match the sentences to make compound sentences. Then decide which coordination conjunction to use.

(Nghiên cứu hộp ngữ pháp. Nối các câu để tạo thành câu ghép. Sau đó quyết định sử dụng kết hợp phối hợp nào.)

4. Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

(Chọn phương án tốt nhất để hoàn thành các câu.)

1. Their costumes are very colourful, _______ they wear silver jewellery.

a. and (và)

b. or (hoặc)

c. yet (chưa)

d. so (vì vậy)

2. The Dao generally follow Taoism, Buddhism, and Confucianism, _______ they also worship their ancestors.

a. for (cho)

b. and (và)

c. nor (cũng không)

d. but (nhưng)

3. They worship different gods for rain, rice, and crops, _______ they have many rituals about farming.

a. nor (cũng không)

b. but (nhưng)

c. yet (chưa)

d. so (vì vậy)

4. The elders look at the birthdates of people wanting to marry, _______ the Dao are superstitious people.

a. for (cho)

b. but (nhưng)

c. or (hoặc)

d. yet (chưa)

2. Combine the two given sentences to make a compound sentence. Add a coordinating conjunction.

(Nối hai câu đã cho để tạo thành câu ghép. Thêm một liên từ phối hợp.)

1. Over a million Nùng people live in Việt Nam. Some live in China. (Hơn một triệu người Nùng sống ở Việt Nam. Một số sống ở Trung Quốc.)

_______________________________________________________.

2. They grow rice on the sides of mountains. They live in those areas. (Họ trồng lúa trên sườn núi. Họ sống ở những khu vực đó.)

_______________________________________________________.

3. Many of the women make handicrafts from bamboo. They weave beautiful clothes. (Nhiều phụ nữ làm đồ thủ công từ tre. Họ dệt những bộ quần áo đẹp.)

_______________________________________________________.

4. They live in the river areas. They don’t fish. (Họ sống ở vùng sông nước. Họ không câu cá.)

_______________________________________________________.

4. Underline the correct words to complete the sentences.

(Gạch chân những từ đúng để hoàn thành câu.)

1. Some teenagers never join in any forums for help, (so / because) they prefer talking to their parents about their problems.

2. In some forums teens can get advice from peers; (therefore / however), my friends often use those forums to share their problems.

3. Many teenagers want to support needy people, (but / so) they join community service projects.

4. Our students can participate in any club they like, (but / or) they shouldn't try to join all the school clubs at the same time.

5. Minh told his teachers about the school bullies; (therefore / otherwise), the bullies wouldn't leave him alone.

5. Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to complete each sentence.

(Chọn đáp án đúng A, B, C hoặc D để hoàn thành mỗi câu.)

1. Teenagers need encouragement from their parents, ______ not all parents are willing to encourage their children.

A. for                          B. and                          C. but                          D. so

2. Many girls worry about their appearance, ______ they often look at themselves in a mirror.

A. but                         B. so                            C. or                            D. for

3. Teenagers should learn to mix with their classmates, ______ they can try to get on with their siblings.

A. so                           B. for                           C. or                            D. yet

4. Social media helps teens connect with others; ______, they also cause teens to feel lonely.

A. however                 B. therefore                 C. otherwise                D. although

5. They spend a lot of time surfing the net; ______, they have little time to read books.

A. however                 B. therefore                 C. although                 D. otherwise

a. Fill in the blanks using the words in the box.

(Điền vào chỗ trống sử dụng các từ trong hộp.)

1. We should clean up the park so _______ we can enjoy hanging out there.

2. We need to take care of the oceans, _______ we need to protect forests.

3. People should reuse glass bottles, _______ they should recycle old clothes.

4. I think we should walk to school _______ we can reduce air pollution.

5. People should turn off the lights _______ that they can save electricity.

b. Circle the correct answers.

(Khoanh tròn các câu trả lời đúng.)

1. We should walk to school, and / so we shouldn’t throw trash on the ground.

2. We should recycle at home so that / and we can reduce land pollution.

3. We should turn off air conditioners when we leave a room, so / and we should ride bicycles.

4. We should reuse plastic bags and / so that we don’t need to throw so many in the trash.

5. We shouldn’t throw trash in the sea, and / so that we should help clean up beaches.

6. We should ride our bikes to school, so / and we shouldn’t waste electricity.

7. We should have cheap public transportation so / and we can reduce air pollution.

8. We should use the bus, so that / and we can walk sometimes.

1. Mark the sentences S (simple) or C (compound).

(Đánh dấu câu S (câu đơn) hoặc C (câu ghép).)

1. In some countries, you shouldn't show the bottom of your feet.

2. Lâm invited me to his house, so I took a gift for him.

3. You should accept a gift, but you shouldn't open it in front of other people.

4. Samantha took her shoes off and she left them at the door.

5. I waited for my grandmother to start eating her food.

2. Fill in each gap with and, or, but or so.

(Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với and, or, but hoặc so.)

1. Kate invited me for dinner, _____ I was working that night.

2. The guests arrived _____ we started the birthday party.

3. Polly was hot, _____ I offered her a cold drink.

4. In Việt Nam, you can shake hands _____ you can bow your head slightly with a smile to greet people.