Modals

1. Choose the correct options.

(Chọn các phương án đúng.)

1 Exercise _______ boost your energy levels.

A must                        C can

B has to                                   D should

2 Kate _______ take her medicine every day because she has heart disease.

A might                                   C could

B can                           D has to

3 Eric _______  join the basketball club. He's

not sure yet.

A may                         C should

 B must                                    D has to

4 You _______  cheat in exams. It's against the rules.

A don't have to            C couldn't

B mustn't                     D aren't able to

5 I _______  eat a more balanced diet to get fit. It's my obligation.

A could                                   C must

B am able to    D might

6 They _______  buy tennis racquets. Their school has some for them to borrow.

A don't have to            C mustn't

B couldn't                   D can't

7 Danny hurt his foot, so he _______  play in the football match last Sunday.

A can                           C could

B was able to  D wasn't able to

8 Laura  _______ play basketball when she started secondary school, but now she is the best player in the team.

A shouldn't                  C mustn't

B couldn't                   D didn't have to

9 She _______ play rollerblading very well when she was five.

A can                           C could

B is able to                  D may

10 Nelson _______ wash his football kit. His mum did it for him.

A didn't have to           C mustn't

B shouldn't                  D was able to

 may, might, could, can, must (có thể, phải)

1. Read examples 1-5. What do the modal verbs in blue mean? Write possibly, definitely or definitely not.

(Đọc ví dụ 1-5. Các động từ khuyết thiếu màu xanh có nghĩa là gì? Viết “possibly” (có khả năng), “definitely” (chắc chắn) hoặc “definitely not” (chắc chắn không).)

1. They could be expressing sadness. _____

2. The evidence suggests that animals must feel something. _____

3. They can’t simply be like robots. _____

4. We may know more in the future. _____

5. They might, perhaps, have emotions. _____

2. Choose the correct options to complete the rules.

(Chọn các phương án đúng để hoàn thành các quy tắc.)

RULES (Quy tắc)

1. We use may, might and could to express possibility / certainty.

2. We use must and can’t when we are certain / not certain about things.

3. The modal verbs in exercise 1 change / don’t change in the he, she and it forms.

4. We always / never use to after modal verbs.

3. Complete the sentences with appropriate modal verbs.

(Hoàn thành câu với động từ khuyết thiếu thích hợp.)

1. She’s smiling, so she _____ be unhappy.

2. I’m not sure, but they _____ live in Huế.

3. You’re going to Canada? You _____ be excited!

4. Orcas are rare here, but you _____ see one if you’re lucky.

5. It _____ be frightening to see a shark when you’re swimming.

6. England aren’t a great football team. They _____ not win the match tomorrow.

 USE IT! (SỬ DỤNG NÓ!)

4. Work in pairs. Exchange opinions about ideas 1-6 using words from the box and the modal verbs.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Trao đổi ý kiến về các ý 1-6 bằng cách sử dụng các từ trong khung và các động từ khuyết thiếu.)

1. horse riding (cưỡi ngựa)

2. elephants (voi)

3. this film (bộ phim này)

4. my exam results (kết quả bài kiểm tra của tôi)

5. swimming with dolphins (bơi cùng cá heo)

6. spiders (nhện)

E.g.:

A: Horse riding might be fun. (Cưỡi ngựa có thể rất thú vị.)

B: Really? I think it must be frightening. (Thật sao? Tôi nghĩ nó hẳn là đáng sợ.)

Write five sentences about the animal emotions using modal verbs.

(Viết năm câu về cảm xúc của động vật sử dụng động từ khiếm khuyết.)

 Ability: can, could, be able to (Khả năng: can, could, be able to)

Study the examples and choose the correct options to complete the rules.

(Nghiên cứu các ví dụ và chọn các phương án đúng để hoàn thành các quy tắc.)

- You can’t turn down drums. (Bạn không thể làm giảm tiếng trống.)

- I couldn’t hear you. (Tôi đã không thể nghe thấy bạn.)

- One day you’ll be able to play the whole song. (Một ngày nào đó bạn sẽ có thể chơi được toàn bộ bài hát.)

RULES (Quy tắc)

1. We use can / could to express an ability in the past.

2. We use can / could to express an ability in the present.

3. We use be able to / could to express an ability in the future.

2. Complete the sentences with the correct form of can, could or be able to.

(Hoàn thành các câu với dạng đúng của “can”, “could” hoặc “be able to”.)

1. Why don’t you turn up the music. Then we’ll all _____ sing along.

2. I’m going to have singing lessons. Then I might _____ join a band.

3. We _____ turn on the TV because it was broken.

4. I really _____ exercise at the moment. I’m too tired.

5. _____ you speak English when you were three?

3. Make sentences using phrases from the boxes.

(Đặt câu bằng cách sử dụng các cụm từ trong khung.)

- I’m sure that people will be able to speak with animals in the future.

(Tôi chắc chắn rằng con người sẽ có thể nói chuyện với động vật trong tương lai.)

 Advice and obligation: should, must, have to

(Lời khuyên và nghĩa vụ: should, must, have to)

4. Read examples 1-6. Write A (advice), O / P (obligation or prohibition) or N / O (no obligation).

(Đọc ví dụ 1-6. Viết A (lời khuyên), O / P (nghĩa vụ hoặc cấm đoán) hoặc N / O (không bắt buộc).)

1. You must be careful. _____

(Bạn phải cẩn thận.)

2. You mustn’t listen to music when you’re cycling. _____

(Bạn không được nghe nhạc khi đạp xe.)

3. You have to concentrate if you’re on the road. _____

(Bạn phải tập trung khi đang di chuyển trên đường.)

4. You don’t have to practise all day every day. _____

(Bạn không cần phải luyện tập cả ngày.)

5. You should look where you’re going. _____

(Bạn nên nhìn xem mình đang đi đâu.)

6. You could have a break sometimes. _____

(Đôi khi bạn có thể nghỉ ngơi.)

6. Choose the correct options.

(Chọn những lựa chọn đúng.)

1. You mustn’t / shouldn’t wake her up. She looks so peaceful.

2. You don’t have to / mustn’t help, but you can if you’ve got time.

3. You must / should turn off all music after midnight. That’s the law.

4. I mustn’t / don’t have to eat chocolate. I’m allergic to it.

5. You have to / don’t have to be in bed to feel relaxed.

6. We shouldn’t / don’t have to distract her. She’s concentrating.

 USE IT! (SỬ DỤNG NÓ!)

7. Work in pairs. Complete the sentences with your own ideas.

(Làm việc theo cặp. Hoàn thành các câu với ý tưởng của riêng bạn.)

For the world to be a peaceful place, ... (Để thế giới trở thành một nơi hòa bình, ...)

1. we should ... (chúng ta nên)

2. we shouldn’t ... (chúng ta không nên)

3. we must ... (chúng ta phải)

4. we mustn’t ... (chúng ta không được)

5.  we don’t have to ... (chúng ta không cần phải)

To be in a good mood every day, ... (Để có tâm trạng tốt mỗi ngày, …)

6. you should ... (bạn nên)

7. you shouldn’t ... (bạn không nên)

8. you have to ... (bạn phải)

9. you don’t have to ... (bạn không phải)

Tạm dịch:

1. Choose the correct options.

(Chọn những lựa chọn đúng.)

1. I must/mustn’t work out regularly to have good physical and mental health.

2. I may/must go swimming after after school tomorrow. I’ll think about it.

3. You shouldn’t/don’t have to exercise right after eating a big lunch.

4. Mike mustn’t/didn’t have to buy new running shoes; he already had some.

5. Neil had to/should walk in the rain after football practice yesterday.

6.

A: I might/have to go swimming this afternoon. I’m thinking about that.

B: But, you mustn’t/don’t have to swim in the pool a swimming suit. Let’s buy one first.

7.

A: Can I/Do I have to buy a membership for a fitness class at the community centre?

B: No, you mustn’t/don’t have to pay for those classes.

2. Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings. Use the modals in brackets.

(Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi. Sử dụng các phương thức trong ngoặc.)

1. I advise you to work out more often to strengthen your body. (SHOULD)

You should work out more often to strengthen your body.

2. It’s a rule that all gym members sign in at the front desk. (HAVE TO)

__________________________________________________________.

3. It isn’t necessary for teens to be perfect at a sport right away. (DON’T HAVE TO)

____________________________________________________________________.

4. It’s possible that regular exercising helps prevent some diseases. (MAY)

____________________________________________________________.

5. It’s necessary for me to eat more fruit and vegetables to control my weight. (MUST)

______________________________________________________________________.

6. It’s against the rule for us to sign up for more than one fitness class each day. (MUSTN’T)

__________________________________________________________________________.

3. Use the modals in the theory box to talk about playing sports and exercising.

(Sử dụng các thể từ trong khung lý thuyết để nói về việc chơi thể thao và luyện tập.)

Modals

Tạm dịch:

4. Fill in each gap with can, could or be able to in the correct form. Some sentences have two possible answers.

(Điền vào mỗi chỗ trống với can, could hoặc be could ở dạng đúng. Một số câu có thể có hai câu trả lời.)

1. Duy _______ play rugby. He doesn’t know the rules.

2. My grandma _______ ice skate when she was young.

3. I _______ play tennis well, but I’m better at playing football.

4. Bob _______ attend badminton practice last night because he had to study.

5. Jeremy had an injury during the basketball game, but he _______ finish it.

5. Choose the correct options.

(Chọn các phương án đúng.)

1. I’m gaining weight, so I _______ eat less sugar.

A. can                          B. may            C. must                                                D. am able to

2. I _______ go rollerblading when I was five years old.

A. could                                  B. should         C. must                                                D. might

3. James _______ come with us to the sports event. He’s not sure yet.

A. might                      B. has to          C. should                                 D. could

4. Ann _______ bring some water to the fitness class. Her personal trainer advises her so.

A. could                                  B. have to        C. might                                  D. should

5. Henry _______ work out more often to strengthen his legs.

A. mustn’t                   B. could                      C. shouldn’t               D. must

6. We _______ go to the gym class tonight because we’re both free at 7 p.m.

A. mustn’t                   B. could                      C. can                                    D. shouldn’t

7. Vivian worries a lot, but she ______ reduce stress by exercising every evening.

A. shouldn’t    B. could                      C. was able to            D. is able to

8. Class participants _______ bring their own yoga mats; the teacher can provide them.

A. could                                  B. should         C. don’t have to              D.aren’t able to

9. They _______ put away the equipment after practice because another team needed it.

A. mustn’t                  B. couldn’t  C. didn’t have to             D. can’t

10. Andy was very tired this afternoon, but he _______ work out for 30 minutes.

A. had to                    B. was able to  C. should                                D. might

6. Tell your partner about things you can/can’t do now, things you could/couldn’t do when you were ten and things you were able to do in particular situations.

(Nói với đối tác của bạn về những điều bạn có thể/không thể làm bây giờ, những điều bạn có thể/không thể làm khi bạn 10 tuổi và những điều bạn có thể làm trong những tình huống cụ thể.)

3. Choose the correct options.

(Chọn các phương án đúng.)

1. I want to go jogging this afternoon, but it should/may/has to/must rain.

2. Susan can/has to/is able to/might fill out a form to join the gym. It’s a rule.

3. Gym members mustn’t/don’t have to/didn’t have to/couldn’t wear sandals inside the gym. It’s against the rule.

4. Leonardo could/must/had to/should ride a bike when he was only four.

5. You mustn’t/shouldn’t/don’t have to/couldn’t eat too many sugary snacks. It can cause weight gain.

2. Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings. Use the words in brackets.

(Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không thay đổi. Sử dụng các từ trong ngoặc.)

1 Lyn has the ability to lift up to 50 kg. (CAN)

Lyn can lift up to 50 kg.

2 I advise you not to eat lots of sugary foods and drinks. (SHOULDN'T)

_________________________________________________________

3 It's possible that they will cancel the football match. (MIGHT)

___________________________________________________

4 Jack was very tired, but he managed to complete his workout last night. (WAS ABLE TO)

_________________________________________________________________

5 It's against the rules for you to touch the ball with your hands. (MUSTN'T)

______________________________________________________________

6 It wasn't necessary for Helen to take her sports kit to school yesterday. (DIDN'T HAVE TO)

_________________________________________________________________

3 Read the Grammar box. Underline the modal verbs used for deductions.
(Đọc hộp ngữ pháp. Gạch dưới các động từ phương thức được sử dụng để suy luận.)

4 Makes some deductions about learning and teaching English in Thailand at present. Fill in the blanks with must, may, might, could or can’t.

(Đưa ra một số nhận định về việc học và dạy tiếng Anh ở Thái Lan hiện nay. Điền vào chỗ trống với must, may, might, could hoặc can't.)
1 English private classes           be in high demand these days. There’re many new language centers in Bangkok.

(Các lớp học tiếng Anh riêng.... đang có nhu cầu cao hiện nay. Có rất nhiều trung tâm ngôn ngữ mới ở Bangkok.)
2 Online resources and language app           become the primary learning tools for Thai learners. They provide flexibility and convenience.

(Các nguồn tài nguyên trực tuyến và ứng dụng ngôn ngữ.... trở thành công cụ học tập chính cho người học tiếng Thái. Họ cung cấp sự linh hoạt và thuận tiện.)
3 There are many different learning methods. Thai students           watch English movies or join conversation groups to enhance their skills.

(Có nhiều phương pháp học tập khác nhau. Sinh viên Thái Lan... xem phim tiếng Anh hoặc tham gia các nhóm đàm thoại để nâng cao kỹ năng.)
4 Some Thai learners           be struggling with certain aspects of English grammar. They’ve made a lot of mistakes in their writing.

(Một số người học tiếng Thái.... đang gặp khó khăn với một số khía cạnh nhất định của ngữ pháp tiếng Anh. Họ đã mắc rất nhiều lỗi trong bài viết của mình.)
5 I’m sure the Thai accent           have a significant influence on the way Thai learners speak English.

(Tôi chắc chắn rằng giọng Thái....có ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến cách người học Thái nói tiếng Anh.)
6 Studying abroad           be the best option for Thai students if they don’t try their best.

(Du học....là lựa chọn tốt nhất cho sinh viên Thái Lan nếu họ không nỗ lực hết mình.)

5 Work in groups. Make five deductions about learning and teaching English in Việt Nam present.
(Làm việc theo nhóm. Hãy đưa ra 5 suy luận về việc học và dạy tiếng Anh ở Việt Nam hiện nay.)

3 Choose the correct option.

(Chọn phương án đúng.)

1 She           be in class now. She usually does exercises in the gym at this time.

(Bây giờ cô… đang ở trong lớp. Cô ấy thường tập thể dục ở phòng gym vào thời gian này.)
a can

(có thể)

b may

(có thể)

c must

(phải)

d can’t

(không thể)

2 Lena            be practising English at the moment. She has excellent communication  skills.

(Lena… đang luyện tập tiếng Anh vào lúc này. Cô ấy có kỹ năng giao tiếp tuyệt vời.)

a may

(có thể)

b must

(phải)

c can’t

(không thể)

d can

(có thể)

3 I wish I            a good command of English to be able to talk to foreign tourists. They’re asking her the way to the local pagoda.

(Tôi ước tôi..nói tiếng Anh tốt để có thể nói chuyện với khách du lịch nước ngoài. Họ đang hỏi đường đến ngôi chùa địa phương.)

a had had

(đã có)

b had

(có)

c will have      

(sẽ có)

d was having

(đã đang có)

4 She            have very good writing skills. She finishes the writing task 15 minutes earlier.

(Cô ấy… có kỹ năng viết rất tốt. Cô ấy hoàn thành bài viết sớm hơn 15 phút.)

a must

(phải)

b can

(có thể)

c can’t

(không thể)

d might

(có thể)

5 Jenny wishes she            English with intelligible accent. Many people have difficulty in understanding what she says.

(Jenny chúc cô ấy… nói tiếng Anh với giọng dễ hiểu. Nhiều người gặp khó khăn trong việc hiểu những gì cô ấy nói.)
a speaks

(nói)

b had spoken

(đã nói)
c spoke

(nói chuyện)

d was speaking
(đang nói)

Choose the best answer.

I ______ stay overnight at my friend’s house. My parents are very strict about this.

Choose the best answer.

You_______ drink if you're going to drive afterwards.

Choose the best answer.

I ______ go home now to finish my homework.

Choose the best answer.

I can watch TV and play computer games on Sunday because I _____ go to school that day.

Choose the best answer.

My friend says: "You ____ drink champagne. You can have a coke or fruit juice instead.

Choose the best answer.

She_______ speak English well because her current job needs it.

Choose the best answer.

Your grandparents live far from you, so you  _______ talk to them on the phone regularly.