\(f'\left( { - 1} \right) = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \left( { - 1} \right)} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( { - 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}}\)

Ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ + }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( { - 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ + }} \dfrac{{\dfrac{{{x^2} + x + 1}}{x} + 1}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ + }} \dfrac{{{x^2} + 2x + 1}}{{x\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ + }} \dfrac{{x + 1}}{x} = 0\\\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ - }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( { - 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ - }} \dfrac{{\dfrac{{{x^2} - x - 1}}{x} + 1}}{{x + 1}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ - }} \dfrac{{{x^2} - 1}}{{x\left( {x + 1} \right)}} = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ - }} \dfrac{{x - 1}}{x} = 2\\ \Rightarrow \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ + }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( { - 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}} \ne \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to {{\left( { - 1} \right)}^ - }} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( { - 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}}\end{array}\)

Do đó không tồn tại \(\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \left( { - 1} \right)} \dfrac{{f\left( x \right) - f\left( { - 1} \right)}}{{x + 1}}\), vậy không tồn tại đạo hàm của hàm số tại \({x_0} = - 1\).