Đề tham khảo thi tốt nghiệp THPT - Đề số 3

Mark the Ietter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a meaningful exchange or text in each of the following questions.

Read the following passage about endangered languages and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is already making decisions in fields such as business, health care and manufacturing. However, Al algorithms generally still get help from people applying checks and making the final call. What would happen if Al systems were required to make independent decisions, especially those that could be life-or-death for humans?

Pop culture has long portrayed our general distrust of Al. In the 2004 sci-fi movie "I, Robot”, detective Del Spooner (played by Will Smith) is suspicious of robots after one rescues him from a car crash, while a 12-year-old girl is left to drown. Unlike humans, robots lack a moral conscience and follow the "ethics" programmed into them. Meanwhile, human morality is highly variable. The "right" thing to do in any situation often depends on who you ask.

Imagine a future with fully autonomous self-driving cars. If everything works as intended, the morning commute will become an opportunity to prepare for the day's meetings, catch up on news, or simply relax. But what if things go wrong? The car approaches a traffic light, but suddenly the brakes fail, and the computer must make a split-second decision. It could steer into a nearby pole, killing the passenger, or continue forward, killing the pedestrian ahead. The computer controlling the car will only have access to limited information collected through car sensors, and will need to make a decision based on this. As dramatic as this sounds, we may be only a few years away from facing such dilemmas.

An Al system developed in one country can be influenced by the views, politics, ethics and morals of that country, making it unsuitable for use in another country and at another time. After all, Al is not "good" or "evil". To make the most of it, we will need to reach a consensus on what we consider "ethical".

(Adapted from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/technology/how-can-we-make-sure-future-al-systems-behave-ethically)

Read the following passage about the urban shift and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions.

A Diverging Media

Joe Swanberg is a filmmaker who creates movies about the romantic lives of young people. He makes these films quickly, using a digital camera and asking actors to wear their own clothes. His films usually cost between 30,000 USD and 50,000 USD to make and are not shown in cinemas. Instead, they are available on digital platforms like pay TV, video-on-demand, iTunes, or as DVDs. By keeping costs low and using digital distribution, Swanberg is able to make a living as a filmmaker.

When technology first advanced, it was believed that it would help young artists like Swanberg reach wider audiences. In 2006, Chris Anderson, the author of The Long Tail, predicted that the Internet would provide more opportunities for niche products to find their audience. While this has happened, another trend has emerged: blockbusters are still dominating the media landscape. Big hits in film, music, television, and books are gaining more attention, while products that are not quite as popular are struggling to find an audience.

One reason for this is that people still want something they can talk about with others. Popular shows like American Idol and movies like New Moon continue to do well because many people watch and enjoy them. Research shows that people enjoy hits more because they are the most widely available and frequently discussed. Technology has also helped blockbusters spread quickly around the world, making them even more successful.

[I] Although there are more entertainment choices than ever before, blockbusters continue to do well. [II] For example, in a music store with millions of songs, it's easier to pick the most popular one because everyone is talking about it. [III] While it's harder for media companies to stand out, consumers benefit from more creative, high-quality content. Media companies must now work harder to offer something exciting and unique. [IV]

While some people wish for more variety in media, the reality is that only a few types of content can attract large audiences, and these are the blockbusters.

(Adapted from IELTS Practice Test 07 Reading)